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All the diffraction peaks in Fig. 1 can be perfectly indexed as pure monoclinic phase of ZnWO4 [space group: T2/c [13]] with lattice constants of a = 4.691 Å, b = 5.720 Å and c = 4.925 Å (JCPDS card No. 15-0774).
All the diffraction peaks in Fig.2 can be perfectly indexed as pure hexagonal phase of ZnO [space group: P63/mc[186]] with lattice constants of a = b =3.249 Å, c = 5.206 Å (JCPDS card No. 36-1451).
At the very beginning, the direct mixing of the two solutions led to the formation of a large number of amorphous ZnWO4 particles.

Dozens of particle diameters in TEM images were measured to determine number-averaged particle size and standard deviation of particle size distribution.
Peaks detected at 35.6, 38.7 and 48.9 degree were attributed to the (-111), (111), and (-202) reflections of monoclinic CuO (JCPDS card No. 05-0661).
They were assigned to the (100), (200), and (220) reflections of cubic Ag2O, respectively (JCPDS card No. 43-0997).

A powder pattern (JCPDS card, #70-2685) of LiCoO2 is also included at the bottom.
The strongest reflection is the (003) followed by the (104), and the (018) reflection is weak in the powder pattern (JCPDS card, #70-2685).
There were a number of small polygonal facets inclined in the various directions.

Human liver cancer cells Bel-7402 and normal human liver cells L-02 were treated with 10%SrHAP sol for 24 hours and tested for number of surviving cells with the Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) method [10].
The patterns coincide with that of Ca9Sr(PO4)6(OH)2 shown on JCPDS card 340484.
The d value is similar to that shown on the card.
(Δd≤0.001nm).The relative intensity also matches those shown on the card.

Chitosan and some of its complexes have been studied for a number of biomedical applications, including wound dressings, drug delivery systems and space-filling implants [10-14].
It is observed that both X-ray diffractograms (Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b) showed similar behavior, presence of 14 main peaks related to the majority crystalline phase cubic normal spinel ZnAl2O4 according to JCPDS card (05 - 0669) and presence of three peaks related to secondary phase Al2Yb4O according to JCPDS card (32-0029).

The experimental patterns obtained were compared with the standards compiled by the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction and Standards (JCPDS), which included card # 09-0432 [14] for HA.
The spectra were recorded from 4000 to 400 cm-1 wave number with a resolution of 2cm-1. 3.
[14] JCPDS Card No. 9-432, 1994 [15] B.D Cullity.

At room temperature, the two hydroxides are fully identified by comparison with the 140117 JCPDS card.
The final product is the same in A and B, clearly identified by the 780429 JCPDS card as nickel oxide (NiO).
WINDSOR "Observation of a metastability limit in liquid gallium", Physical Review Letters, 1975, Vol.35, Number 24, pp. 1652-1655

Interestingly, as shown in Fig. 5, a large number of wires are over 10 µm in length whereas their diameters are nanoscale.
The diffraction peaks from (102), (002), (122) and (041) planes are indexed as Bi2O3 (JCPDS card No.71-2274) [9,10] and those from (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) planes correspond to MnO (JCPDS card No.89-4835) [11].

As-prepared and sintering sample at 300 and 500oC have a cubic magnetite structure (as JCPDS cards no. 01-074-2403 and 8055).
Sintering samples at T≥700oC have hexagonal hematite (α-Fe2O3 and α-Cr2O3) structure (as JCPDS card no. 74-0326 and 84-0308), so that structural phase has transformed from cubic magnetite to hexagonal hematite for T≥700oC.
Anisotropy constant (K) and magneton number (nB) are calculated by Eq. 3 and Eq. 4 [22,23].

For pure Ca3Si2O7, the XRD pattern is corresponding to JCPDS card No. 22-0459, and it has a monoclinic crystal structure.
For Eu2+ doped Ca3Si2O7, a single phase of Ca3-xSi2O7: xEu2+ for was also obtained and all of the peaks were in good agreement with the JCPDS Card, indicating that the slightly doped Eu2+ ions have no obvious influence on the structure of the host Ca3Si2O7.
The critical distance of energy transfer () can be estimated roughly by Eq. 1 (1) Where is the critical concentration, N is the number of cations in the unit cell and V is the volume of the unit cell.