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Online since: August 2017
Authors: Malgorzata Sopicka-Lizer, Tomasz Pawlik, Daniel Michalik, Marcin Godzierz
The local coal mine slates, the fine-grained coal mine wastes and fly ash from the local power station were tried for making the suitable mixture for granulation and sintering.
The LWAs in building industry are supposed to fulfill a number of requirements, according to EN 1097, UNE-EN 13055 and many other standards [10].
Coal slurry and fly ash were in the form of fine grained powders with a various amount of moisture.
The LWAs in building industry are supposed to fulfill a number of requirements, according to EN 1097, UNE-EN 13055 and many other standards [10].
Coal slurry and fly ash were in the form of fine grained powders with a various amount of moisture.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Wan Jefrey Basirun, Yang Kok Kee, Koay Hun Lee
A dense, fine and polygonal grain structure was obtained.
1.
Ag|AgCl, a single stripping peak was observed confirming the two-electron oxidation of metallic to stannous ions via the reverse reaction: Oxidation: Sn à Sn2+ + 2e- (Eq. 2) Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammogram at 0.05 V/s for solution X M (CH3SO3)2Sn, A=0M, B=0.1M, C=0.2M, D=0.3M, E=0.4M, F=0.5M The relation between the peak current density, Jp and the concentration of the electroactive species in solution can be given by the Randles-Sevchik equation: Jp= 2.69 X 105 Z 1.5 D 0.5 v 0.5 c (Eq. 3) Where Jp is the peak current density, Z is the number of electrons involved in the electrode process, D is the diffusion coefficient of stannous ions, v is the potential sweep rate and c is the concentration of stannous ions.
The deposit morphology of the mixture BMPOTF and MSA based tin coated substrates were observed by using EDX and SEM, where dense, fine and polygonal grain structures were obtained.
Ag|AgCl, a single stripping peak was observed confirming the two-electron oxidation of metallic to stannous ions via the reverse reaction: Oxidation: Sn à Sn2+ + 2e- (Eq. 2) Fig. 1 Cyclic voltammogram at 0.05 V/s for solution X M (CH3SO3)2Sn, A=0M, B=0.1M, C=0.2M, D=0.3M, E=0.4M, F=0.5M The relation between the peak current density, Jp and the concentration of the electroactive species in solution can be given by the Randles-Sevchik equation: Jp= 2.69 X 105 Z 1.5 D 0.5 v 0.5 c (Eq. 3) Where Jp is the peak current density, Z is the number of electrons involved in the electrode process, D is the diffusion coefficient of stannous ions, v is the potential sweep rate and c is the concentration of stannous ions.
The deposit morphology of the mixture BMPOTF and MSA based tin coated substrates were observed by using EDX and SEM, where dense, fine and polygonal grain structures were obtained.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Qin Zhang, Xian Hai Li, Bi Yang Tuo, Shen Jun Zhang
Nickel-bearing laterite studied in this research is mainly characterized by fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation.
Nickel-bearing laterite studied in this research is mainly characterized by fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation.
The ore's colour is red because of the oxidation of iron[6].It has got that the main features of the nickel-bearing laterite is fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation.
As a result, the metal oxides waiting for reaction are surrounded by a large number of CO.
Nickel-bearing laterite studied in this research is mainly characterized by fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation.
The ore's colour is red because of the oxidation of iron[6].It has got that the main features of the nickel-bearing laterite is fine disseminated grain size and easy argillation.
As a result, the metal oxides waiting for reaction are surrounded by a large number of CO.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Chang Ning Jin, Yu Hong Zhang
The test samples were mainly the eolian sand taken from the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert (Numbered as 0#) and the silt taken from the Populus diversifolia forest on the periphery of desert (Taken those <0.074mm , and numbered as 1#), mixed in different proportion.
Achievements of Test on Basic Properties of Test Samples Sample number Grain-size(mm) / percent of pass(%) Liquid limit Plastic limit 0.5 0.25 0.15 0.1 0.074 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0# 100 99.7 97.9 63.1 16.3 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 28.6 22.6 1# 100 100 100 100 100 79.1 39.7 24.1 18.0 11.6 29.2 18.2 Outline of Research Methods Carried out test according to the “CBR Test” in the Test Methods of Soils for Highway Engineering[2].
For reducing the influence of discreteness, the test number is generally increased to six.
Rising in the first segment is due to the improvement of gradation and the weak silt particle and clay particle influence; falling in the second segment is due to the obvious silt particle and clay particle influence; as the third segment, the soil sample has become the typical fine grained soil, the soil structure has been changed in nature, and the CBR value is also controlled by silt particle and clay particle and will change little even to increase the amount of silt particle and clay particle.
Test and analysis of factors affecting CBR value of fine grained soil(in Chinese) [J].
Achievements of Test on Basic Properties of Test Samples Sample number Grain-size(mm) / percent of pass(%) Liquid limit Plastic limit 0.5 0.25 0.15 0.1 0.074 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0# 100 99.7 97.9 63.1 16.3 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 28.6 22.6 1# 100 100 100 100 100 79.1 39.7 24.1 18.0 11.6 29.2 18.2 Outline of Research Methods Carried out test according to the “CBR Test” in the Test Methods of Soils for Highway Engineering[2].
For reducing the influence of discreteness, the test number is generally increased to six.
Rising in the first segment is due to the improvement of gradation and the weak silt particle and clay particle influence; falling in the second segment is due to the obvious silt particle and clay particle influence; as the third segment, the soil sample has become the typical fine grained soil, the soil structure has been changed in nature, and the CBR value is also controlled by silt particle and clay particle and will change little even to increase the amount of silt particle and clay particle.
Test and analysis of factors affecting CBR value of fine grained soil(in Chinese) [J].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jatinder Kapoor, Jaimal Singh Khamba, Sehijpal Singh
Matrix experiments called orthogonal arrays (OA) are designed to handle as many as factors possible in a certain number of runs in an unbiased (orthogonal).
Table 5 Properties of brass wire after shallow cryogenic treatment Brass wire Electrode Hardness (VHN) Tensile strength conductivity ( %IACS) Shallow cryogenic treatment 220 850 N/mm2 27.6% X-ray diffraction analysis The X-ray diffraction analysis [Fig. 2] of the brass wire reveals that grain size after shallow cryogenic treatment decreases from 76 to 47 nm.
There is a linear relationship between the metal materials yield strength and the reciprocal of the grain diameter’s square root.
t Lin (Counts) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 2-Theta - Scale 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ° ° d=3.02572, 29.498 ° ° d=0.94171, 109.766 Lin (Counts) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2-Theta - Scale 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ° ° ° ° ° d=2.12158, 42.579 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° d=0.92318, 113.107 ° a) Before cryogenic treatment b) After cryogenic treatment Fig. 2 XRD graphs of Brass wire a) before cryogenic treatment b) after cryogenic treatment Table 6 Analysis report of the grain sizes of X-ray diffraction Testing parameters Wire electrode before treatment Wire electrode after shallow cryogenic treatment Testing sample 2θ(0) 29.46 29.45 Width at half maxima 0.001875 0.144 Average grain size(nm) 76 47
As the Time between two pulses becomes short it leads to more number of discharges which subsequently affect the WWR.
Table 5 Properties of brass wire after shallow cryogenic treatment Brass wire Electrode Hardness (VHN) Tensile strength conductivity ( %IACS) Shallow cryogenic treatment 220 850 N/mm2 27.6% X-ray diffraction analysis The X-ray diffraction analysis [Fig. 2] of the brass wire reveals that grain size after shallow cryogenic treatment decreases from 76 to 47 nm.
There is a linear relationship between the metal materials yield strength and the reciprocal of the grain diameter’s square root.
t Lin (Counts) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 2-Theta - Scale 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ° ° d=3.02572, 29.498 ° ° d=0.94171, 109.766 Lin (Counts) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 2-Theta - Scale 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ° ° ° ° ° d=2.12158, 42.579 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° d=0.92318, 113.107 ° a) Before cryogenic treatment b) After cryogenic treatment Fig. 2 XRD graphs of Brass wire a) before cryogenic treatment b) after cryogenic treatment Table 6 Analysis report of the grain sizes of X-ray diffraction Testing parameters Wire electrode before treatment Wire electrode after shallow cryogenic treatment Testing sample 2θ(0) 29.46 29.45 Width at half maxima 0.001875 0.144 Average grain size(nm) 76 47
As the Time between two pulses becomes short it leads to more number of discharges which subsequently affect the WWR.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: De Gui Liu, Jun Sheng Liu, Hai Bao Wu, Ji Zhen Li
The microstructure of the solid solution GH4169 alloy was a typical equiaxed structure with coarse grains and an average diameter of 86.1 μm.
According to GB/T 6394-2017 "Metal Mean Grain Size Determination Method", the original plate grain size was determined to be 4 grades.
This is because when the feed speed of the rotary wheel is small, the number of times of rolling on the same part of the workpiece is increased, which increases the circumferential flow of the material.
Microscopically, the surface showed a large amount of grain shape elongated in the axial direction, and almost no pores appeared, as shown in Fig. 11 (b), showing shear fracture characteristics.
Microscopic observation shows that there are a large number of equiaxed dimples on the entire circumferential fracture, as shown in Fig. 12(b), which is characteristic of ductile fracture.
According to GB/T 6394-2017 "Metal Mean Grain Size Determination Method", the original plate grain size was determined to be 4 grades.
This is because when the feed speed of the rotary wheel is small, the number of times of rolling on the same part of the workpiece is increased, which increases the circumferential flow of the material.
Microscopically, the surface showed a large amount of grain shape elongated in the axial direction, and almost no pores appeared, as shown in Fig. 11 (b), showing shear fracture characteristics.
Microscopic observation shows that there are a large number of equiaxed dimples on the entire circumferential fracture, as shown in Fig. 12(b), which is characteristic of ductile fracture.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Fang Cheng Zhang, Fei Fang, Wei Yang
Z" in Fig. 1) increased from 41.8µm at cycle number 5 to 54.5µm at cycle number 500.
The crack length versus cycle numbers for the crack labeled as "c" is shown in Fig. 2.
It shows continuous change in the crack length versus cycle numbers.
Z."). 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Crack Length (µm) Cycle Number Fig. 2 Plot of the crack length (Crack "C") versus number of cycles for BaTiO3 single crystal electrically cycled at a field of 360V/mm.
In a single crystal, there is no grain boundary effect, different crystallographic planes have different surface energies, and fracture will occur on the planes with the least cleavage energy.
The crack length versus cycle numbers for the crack labeled as "c" is shown in Fig. 2.
It shows continuous change in the crack length versus cycle numbers.
Z."). 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Crack Length (µm) Cycle Number Fig. 2 Plot of the crack length (Crack "C") versus number of cycles for BaTiO3 single crystal electrically cycled at a field of 360V/mm.
In a single crystal, there is no grain boundary effect, different crystallographic planes have different surface energies, and fracture will occur on the planes with the least cleavage energy.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Anatoly Danilov, Alexander Razov
After the same heat treatment of Ni50.6Ti49.4 alloy Ni4Ti3 precipitates are located close to the grain boundaries, but the rest of the grain volume is free of them [18,19].
The grain boundary areas enriched with Ni4Ti3 precipitates coexisted with areas in the grain interior that did not contain precipitates.
This resulted in distinct martensitic transformations within both areas: in B2 ® R ® B19¢ transformation within areas close to a grain boundary, and in B2 ® B19¢ transformation within grain areas without precipitates.
The other reason for a temperature increase during high rate straining might be an increase in the number of localized deformation zones compared with the number of such zones nucleated at low rate straining, particularly when the localization of deformation is associated with exothermic stress-induced austenite-to-martensite transformation.
The existence of two different austenites with distinct Ni contents (conventionally, in the grain boundary area and in the rest of the grain volume) results in two martensitic transformations separated by temperature.
The grain boundary areas enriched with Ni4Ti3 precipitates coexisted with areas in the grain interior that did not contain precipitates.
This resulted in distinct martensitic transformations within both areas: in B2 ® R ® B19¢ transformation within areas close to a grain boundary, and in B2 ® B19¢ transformation within grain areas without precipitates.
The other reason for a temperature increase during high rate straining might be an increase in the number of localized deformation zones compared with the number of such zones nucleated at low rate straining, particularly when the localization of deformation is associated with exothermic stress-induced austenite-to-martensite transformation.
The existence of two different austenites with distinct Ni contents (conventionally, in the grain boundary area and in the rest of the grain volume) results in two martensitic transformations separated by temperature.
Online since: March 2019
Authors: Anggraeni Kumala Dewi, Ariswan Ariswan
SEM characterization result for sample I and III indicate that the formation of crystal Sn(Se0.8Te0.2) is characterized by the presence of grains.
According to Nares Padha et al (2015), this can be due to the number of Se materials that are more dominating materials Te.
Also, in the photograph of SEM characteristic results in both samples (I and III) it can be seen the grain.
At 40000x magnification for sample III the grain is larger than the sample I, this shows that the regularity of the atoms in sample III is better than the sample I.
Also, in the photograph of SEM characteristic results in both samples (I and III) it can be seen the grain.
According to Nares Padha et al (2015), this can be due to the number of Se materials that are more dominating materials Te.
Also, in the photograph of SEM characteristic results in both samples (I and III) it can be seen the grain.
At 40000x magnification for sample III the grain is larger than the sample I, this shows that the regularity of the atoms in sample III is better than the sample I.
Also, in the photograph of SEM characteristic results in both samples (I and III) it can be seen the grain.
Online since: September 2021
Authors: Oras A. Jassim, Souad G. Khalil, Mahdi M. Mutter
The distribution of grain size was found lower than 36.3 nm and uninformed particles on the surface.
The surface roughness and grain size distribution values of films were measured by SEM, EDX, and AFM.
Dislocation density can be defined as the number of dislocation lines crossing a unit area in a crystal and can be represented by the ratio between the total length of all dislocation lines and the size of the crystal.
The grain size distribution has been increased from 62.48 nm to 76.95 nm with the raising of doping ratios of Al.
AFM images reveal that the Al-doped Nb2O5 thin films have a uniform surface and the distribution grain size surface increased from 62.48 nm to 76.95 nm at 1.5%Al content.
The surface roughness and grain size distribution values of films were measured by SEM, EDX, and AFM.
Dislocation density can be defined as the number of dislocation lines crossing a unit area in a crystal and can be represented by the ratio between the total length of all dislocation lines and the size of the crystal.
The grain size distribution has been increased from 62.48 nm to 76.95 nm with the raising of doping ratios of Al.
AFM images reveal that the Al-doped Nb2O5 thin films have a uniform surface and the distribution grain size surface increased from 62.48 nm to 76.95 nm at 1.5%Al content.