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The effect of surface modification on the size, structure, morphology, and properties of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated.
Introduction Synthesis and application of surface functional nanoparticles have numerously been reported by researchers belonging to many fields, such as materials science, chemistry, physics, etc.

Its structure was characterized by gas chromatograph, and the effects of various factors on transesterification rate were studied.
Applications of sonochemistry have been developed in virtually all areas of chemistry and related chemical technologies [5].

Results and Discussion Influence of Calcination Temperature on Structure and Morphology.
The crystal structure of the LNCMO cathode powders calcined at different temperatures are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), as shown in Figure. 1a.
The XRD patterns clearly indicate that no impurity existed and all peaks were well indexed to a layered hexagonal structure of α-NaFeO2 (R3m)[15].
Conclusion In conclusion, sintering temperature has an effect on the structure and electrochemical behavior of LNCMO cathode materials.
Chemistry of Materials 13(2001) 1642-1646

Coatings deposited by HVOF and spray & fuse (SF) method showed typically dense and homogeneous structure than arc sprayed coating.
Generally, all coatings had dense and homogeneous structure.
However, coating produced by jet arc spray showed less dense structure (Fig.2g) with high percent porosity compared to other thermal spray coatings.
Furthermore, group of coatings produced by HVOF (Fig.2a,c) and SF processes (Fig.2e) had comparable low percent porosity (Table 3) with relatively dense structure.
For Cr-Fe/AS coating, high porosity in the coating and less dense structure resulted in low abrasive wear resistance, although having highest hardness[11].

This upfield shift is interpreted as the lack of cations in the network, due to formation of the F−Ca(n), which drives silicon network to polymerize toward a higher Q n structure.
For that purpose solid state NMR is an outstanding experimental method to determine the structure of the amorphous materials.
To address these problems here we take an advantage of a combined 27Al, 19F and 29Si MAS NMR study to describe short medium structure of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glasses of two series of glasses.
The shift of silicon resonance to lower chemical shift (higher Q n structure) noticed in Series I is often observed during replacement of oxygen by fluorine in alkaline or alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses.
The observed changes in silicon Q n structure are interpreted by the availability of calcium cations in the matrix and switching its role between the charge balancing of the aluminium and modifying of the silicon network.

As found from Rietveld analysis, the synthesized LSGMC is having orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group.
This leads to combustion of the foamed structure and black amorphous ash was produced.
After Rietveld analysis (Fig.1) it was found that, the material is having pure LSGMC phase with orthorhombic structure and Pbnm space group (ICSD No 04-013-6511).
SEM micrographs as given in Fig.3, show the dense structure of the sample with grain sizes from 1-5mm.
Aldinger, Synthesis and microstructural characterization of Sr- and Mg-substituted LaGaO3 solid electrolyte, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 102 (2007) 240-244

Marquez3,c 1-3School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mapua University, Muralla St., Manila, Philippines, 1002 alemueluntalasco@yahoo.com, bmariscalar8463@gmail.com, cmenandro.marquez@gmail.com Keywords: Cobalt oxide, nanostructures, solution route, electrochemical activity.
Other characterization technique such as x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to verify the crystal structures of the Co3O4 nanostructures.
The nanowalls and nanocorals morphologies produced a more pronounced redox peaks as compared to the nanofibrills structures.
This is due to the tertiary structures on top of the nanostructures formed at 60 min.
Easier adsorption of OH-1 ions to a more dense but higher surface area structures led to a more pronounced redox CV curve.

The structure, morphology and luminescence spectra of samples were investigated by XRD, SEM and fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively.
The samples doped with Eu3+, Lu3+ and PO43- can maintain the body-centered tetragonal structure of ScVO4 and the morphology essentially remains unchanged with slight agglomeration.
The mechanism of PO43- to instead VO43- were researched by studying on structure and luminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphors.
The conclusions are as follows: (1) The samples doped with PO43- maintain the body-centered tetragonal structure of ScVO4 and the morphology remains essentially unchanged with a slight of agglomeration.
Guangyan, Journal of solid state Chemistry, 178 (2005) 645-649

It has become one of the central issue of study in a field membrane technology by its thermostable, the anti-chemistry and the biology corrosion preventive, the service life long, easy to regenerate, the filter efficiency higher, and so on.
The influence of the supports pore structure at different sintering temperature.
Figure 3 is the SEM pictures of different supports pore structure at different sintering temperature.
During the process of sintering, the higher the sintering temperature, the easier the formation of pore structure, and the more the obturator structure, the less the open pore structure after sintering.
The influence of the supports pore structure at different holding time.

The polycrystalline bulk compound crystallizes in the rhombohedral PuNi3 - type of crystal structure and indicates ferrimagnetic arrangement with the Curie temperature of TC = 48 ± 1 K, the helimagnetic temperature Th = 26 ± 2 K with the total saturation magnetic moment of 7.78 µB/f.u. at 2 K.
Obviously, their morphological granular structure and magnetic properties obtained via high energy ball milling (HEBM) are strongly dependent on many different parameters [1-17].
The appearance of additional transition across milling may be caused by some changes in the crystal structure [17] due to high lattice disorder and large anisotropic strain, which has a quite strong impact on interatomic distances in the unit cell upon grinding time and subsequent change within exchange interactions between atoms from nearest-neighbours interactions to the long range ordering [18, 19].
Zhang, Crystal structure and magnetic properties of ultrafine nanocrystalline SmCo3 compound, Nanotechnology 21 (2010) 115708 – 7 [10] K.
Chełkowska, Application of HEBM for obtaining Ho(Ni0.5Co0.5)3 nanoflakes, Materials Physics and Chemistry 177 (2016) 299-313 [18] J.