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Then the morphology and structure of PNTAs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.
The effect of anodization parameters on the structure of TiO2 porous-nanotube arrays and the photoelectrochemical property of this film were investigated in detail.
As shown in Figure 4, the XRD pattern of the as-prepared sample indicates an amorphous structure of TiO2.
After the PNTAs being annealed at 450℃ for 3 h, the structure of the PNTAs converts to anatase, which can be judged from the anatase peak identified at 2θ = 25.46°.
Munichandraiah, Material Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 127 (2011), p. 95-101

Three models of porous carbon structures are chosen as examples for estimating internal and external specific surface areas and trend of surface curvature.
By reason of this, the structural properties of porous carbons, particularly specific surface area, should be initially characterized for better understanding pore network structures or the possible amount of active sites spreading on the surface.
It is noticed that accessible surface area is trivially larger than geometrical one because of surface roughness of carbon structures.
Órfão, Modification of surface chemistry of activated carbons, Carbon. 37 (1999) 1379-1389
Thommes, Recent advances in the textural characterization of hierarchically structured nanoporous materials, Chem.

It has become one of the central issue of study in a field membrane technology by its thermostable, the anti-chemistry and the biology corrosion preventive, the service life long, easy to regenerate, the filter efficiency higher, and so on.
The influence of the supports pore structure at different sintering temperature.
Figure 3 is the SEM pictures of different supports pore structure at different sintering temperature.
During the process of sintering, the higher the sintering temperature, the easier the formation of pore structure, and the more the obturator structure, the less the open pore structure after sintering.
The influence of the supports pore structure at different holding time.

The morphology, structure, electrochemical performance and the tap density of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), x-ray diffraction(XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), constant current charge-discharge experiment and the tap density measurement.
The apparent morphology, crystal structure, electrochemical performance and the tap density of the materials prepared under different conditions were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), constant current charge-discharge experiment and the tap density measurement.
The strong and narrow diffraction peaks indicated the high crystallinity of the sample A, which can be well indexed to pure LiFePO4 with an orthorhombic single-phase structure (JCPDS card No.83-2092) without any observable impurity phase.
Through the SEM, XRD and other methods testing the microstructure of the sample, finding that lithium iron phosphate material synthesized by this method has complete olive-type structure.
Vol. 27(2012), p.838 [5] Q.M.Zhang, Y.Q.Qiao and M.S.Zhao: Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry.

Box: 25669 Bircham International University Madrid, Spain boudjellaa@hotmail.com a.boudjella@khawarizmi.com Keywords: MAS, temperature, HOMO, LUMO, HLG, conductance gap, p-orbital interactions Abstract: Numerical simulations have been performed to study the effect of the temperature T on the electronic transport through a small group of molecular assembly system (MAS) by presenting I-V and G-V characteristics analysis for different geometry structures.
Recently, the alkannethiol self assembled monolayers (SAM) have been investigated using a device structure that enables the temperature dependent current-voltage characteristics I (V, T) measurement [12,13,14,15,16,17,18].
At given MAS structure with constant d, the simulation results show that when T increases, the conductance gap as well as the threshold voltage are reduced.
The results indicate that in addition to the MAS geometrical structure, the temperature rise effect is an important factor in determining the current flow, particularly in the conductance gap and in the linear region.
Essential of compu chemistry: (Oxford Univ.

The crystal phase of Li�Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3�O2 was resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group.
Although the theoretical capacity of spinel LiMn2O4 is much lower than those of layered structures such as LiCoO2 and LiNiO2.
Both the crystal phase of calcined powders were resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group.
The crystal phase of Li�Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3�O2 was resulted in layered rock salt structure with R3m space group after calcinations at 1023 K, 2 h.
Hirai, Chemistry Express, 7 (1992) , p. 193

Synthesis of Poly(acrylamide-methacrylate)-g-octylphenyl polyoxyethylene and its micellar behavior in aqueous solution Dongxia Zhang1, a,Wenhui Hu1,b,Fangping Wang1,c,Linke Xue1, d,Xinzhen Du1, e 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu azhangdongxia@nwnu.edu.cn, bhuwenhui03@163.com, cwangfp@nwnu.edu.cn, dxuelke@126.com, eduxz@nwnu.edu.cn Keywords: polymer synthesis, macromonomer, amphiphilic graft copolymer, micelles Abstract.
The structure and the composition of the graft copolymer were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis (EA) in detail.
It was found that the stable spherical micelles with core-shell structure are formed and polymolecular micelles are larger and more compact than monomolecular micelles.
It displays all the resonance structures for the aromatic protons at δ 7.18 and 6.84 ppm, the protons of the ethylene oxide moiety at δ 3.4~4.0 ppm, the protons of –OH at δ 4.57 ppm and the protons of –CH3 and –CH2 units at δ 0.8~1.5 ppm.

Investigation of the Surface Layer Structure of High-Chromium and High-Strength Steels at the Variation of the Heating Temperature V.B.
The investigation has been conducted of the surface layer structure of high-strength and high-chromium steels during high-speed heating – grinding.
These structures and the intermediate breakdown products have different density: the martensite has a lower density than austenite.
Ivanova, Investigation of the surface layer structure at grinding, Metal treatment, Equipment, Tools. 3 (2005) 30-32
Belukhin, Interrelation between height parameters of roughness at flat infeed grinding of steel 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti, Physics, chemistry and mechanics of tribosystems. 9 (2010) 48-53

For a more detailed analysis of these processes we should consider the mechanism of the effect of fillers on the structure and properties of the ECM at the meso- and micro- levels.
It was shown earlier that a polymer layer near the phase boundary differs by its properties and structure from the bulk of polymer.
According to [6-10], the structure of polymer composites with the disperse filler is prone to self-organization with the formation of clusters.
The cluster structure is formed in the ECM.
Kuchin Epoxy composites modified with finely dispersed fillers, Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 75 (2002) 636-640

The structure has many pores, the dark regions in the images, with exposed mica surface at the bottom of the pores.
At much higher concentration (21000), the molecule connection of HAWP structure was breaked, and exhibited a layered structure.
The average height of the incomplete network structure is 10.3 nm and the degree of mica coverage is also small.
The molecules network structure of HAWP was very feeble and it could break to speckles shape structure anytime at 1500mg/L CaCl2 solutions, as shown in Fig. 3B2.
Images of the mica adsorbed by polymer have nothing networker structure.