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The morphology and structure of the ablated surface were investigated by SEM and XRD.
Introduction Engineering ceramic materials have many application in mechenics, electronics, chemistry engineering and other fields, because of their high hardness, high-temperature strength, good wear resistance and good corrosion resistance.

The surface structure of the treated PET is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Plasma-inducing grafting polymerization [6] and ultroviolet irradiation are attractive ways of modifying the surface chemistry and morphology of polymeric materials.

Synthesis of 1, 2-Aceanthrylenedione Catalyzed by Anhydrous AlCl3 Zhang Chunyan1a, Chen Min 1b, Zhang Yan 1, Yuan Xinhua2, Liu Hua1 1 School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 China; 2School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013 China.
The structure of 1, 2-aceanthrylenedione was identified by measure of melting point, GC/MS, FTIR and 1HNMR analyses.

Synthesis of the water-compatible p-aminophenol resin and its adsorption for salicylic acid Gu-qing XIAO 1, a, Xue-jun ZHANG 2, b (1College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000 China) (2 College of Physics, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000 China) axiaoguqing@yahoo.com.cn, bzhangxuejun21th@163.com Keywords: P-aminophenol; Hypercrosslinked resin; Salicylic acid; Adsorption Abstract: A novel water-compatible hypercrosslinked resin modified by p-aminophenol was synthesized with chloromethylated polystyrene and p-aminophenol by Friedel-Crafts reaction.
The micropore structure, the pore diameter of p-aminophenol resin, the hydrogen bond between p-aminophenol resin and salicylic acid bring the larger adsorption capacity.
This different adsorption capability may be explained from pore structure of the two resins.
The micro/mesopores (<2 nm and 2–5 nm) dominate the pore structure of p-aminophenol resin, and the average pore diameter of p-aminophenol is measured to be 2.87 nm, which is helpful for the adsorption, while the mesopores (2–18 nm) are the main pore for XAD-4, and the average pore diameter of XAD-4 is 5.25 nm, which affects the adsorption in a negative way [7].
The pore structure, the size matching of the pore diameter of the resin with alicylic acid, and the hydrogen bond between p-aminophenol resin and salicylic acid can cause higher adsorption ability of p-aminophenol resin for salicylic acid than XAD-4.

The preparation of aminated collagen fiber and Its study on adsorption of dyes Taotao Qiang1,a, Min Luo2,b, Qiaoqiao Bu3,c, Xuechuan Wang3,c Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Light Chemical Industry; Ministry of Education; Shaanxi University of Science and Technology: College of Resource and Environment, Xi’an, shaanxi 710021, China aqiangtt515@163.com, blan.tuler@163.com Keywords: ethylenediamine, cynuric chloride, collagen fiber, dye, adsorption Abstract.
The structures of collagen fiber and aminated collagen fiber were characterized by SEM and FTIR respectively.
The collagen molecule is composed of three polypeptide chains with triple-helical structure, and they are aggregated through hydrogen bonds to form collagen fiber[6].
And then their structures were characterized with Fourier infrared spectrometer Verte-70 made in the United States.
The structures of CF and ACF were characterized and analyzed by SEM and FTIR respectively.

Preparation of TiO2/Ga2O3 Nanowires by a Sol-gel-solvothermal method Yuehui Wanga, Dongjun Wang, Aijun Song, Zhigang Zhang and Shitao Song Department of Physics and Chemistry, HNUST, Qinhuangdao Hebei 066600, China ayuehui8072@126.com Keywords: Sol-gel-solvothermal method; TiO2/Ga2O3 nanowires; Nanoparticles; Catalytic activity Abstract.
The structures, morphologies,compositions and catalytic activity of products have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy ( FESEM ), nitrogen adsorption test, ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectroscopy (UV–vis–NIR ),energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and spectro- photometer.
As can be seen from figure1, the synthesized product was tetragonal structure with high crystallinity.
The detailed structure investigation of TiO2/Ga2O3 nanowires have been performed by SAED and HRTEM.
Slope Intercept Vm Specific area 0.1287 0.0363 6.063237 128.204239 Summary On the basis of XRD, SAED and HRTEM analysis, the product was anatase crystal with tetragonal structure.

Influence of Functionality of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Dispersed in Epoxy Resin for Application in Hybrid Coating Marielen Longhi1,a, Vinicius Pistor2,b, Lucas Pandolphi Zini1,c, Sandra Raquel Kunst1,d, Ademir José Zattera1,e 1University of Caxias do Sul – UCS / Graduating Program in Processes and Technologies Engineering, Caxias do Sul – RS, Brazil 2Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS/Institute of Chemistry –IQ/PGCIMAT, Av.
The present study aimed to characterize the structure of nanocomposites obtained from the incorporation of three different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in an epoxy resin. glycidylisobutyl-POSS, triglycidylisobutyl-POSS and glycidyl-POSS were added (5% by weight) in an epoxy matrix, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), through a sonication process.
A formation of siloxane groups (Si–O–Si) is present in the POSS nanocage chemical structure, which shows characteristic peaks in ether region.
The amine bond is present in the chemical structure of the crosslinking agent used in the curing process of the nanocomposite, the cycloaliphatic polyamine.
The maximum peak in tan δ curves represents the temperature in which the structure of the material reaches the equilibrium in the molecular mobility along the microstructure – the glass transition temperature (Tg) [17].

A contact-mechanics-based finite model for Cu/ low-k chemical mechanical polishing is presented. 2D axisymmetric quasi-static model for chemical mechanical polishing which includes four-layer structure: Si, low-k, Copper and polishing pad is established.
Different CMP processes attempt to achieve a balance between removal rate and global/local planarization through a combination of solution chemistry speed, applied pressure and pad properties [1,2,3].
Yeou-Yih Lin et tal[6] established a 2D axisymmetric quasi-static finite element model which include the four-layer structures :wafer carrier, carrier film, wafer and pad.
The effect of a given carrier back pressure on the stress components and von Mises stress on wafer surface was analyzed and the effect of different carrier back pressures on the von Mises stress distribution on wafer surface was investigated. 2D axisymmetric quasi-static model for Cu/ low-k chemical mechanical polishing which includes four-layer structure: Si, low-k, Copper and polishing pad was established.
In this model, the four-layer structures including Si,low-k,Cu,polishing pad are involved.

The dehydration processing of banana stems was carried out to obtain plant fiber, and some structure characteristics were tested.
Its structure is more special, the uneven distribution of fibers, more skin fiber, and internal structure is hollow grid-like.
The objective of this paper also is to study the structure of the banana stem fiber.
References [1] A.Aguirre-Cruze, A.Álavarez-Castillo,H.Yee-Madeira and L.A.Bello-Pérez: Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol. 109 (2008), p. 382-387 [2] Samrat Mukhopadhyay, Raul Fangueiro, Yusuf Arpac and Ülkü Sentürk: Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics,Vol.3(2008), p.39-45 [3] Irwin, Robert, Perera, Chamara, WO 2012/019247 A1 [4] Noor Aziah Abdul Aziz, Lee-Hoon Ho, Baharin Azahari, Rajeev Bhat, Lai-Hoong Cheng, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim: Food Chemistry,Vol.128(2011),p.748-753 [5] Li Kun, Fu Shi-yu, Zhou Xue-song, Zhan Huai-yu: Transactions of China Pulp and Paper, Vol.24(2009),p.11-14

The FTIR and SEM demonstrate that the hemicellulose and lignin was successfully removed from the structure of the CMF.
The structure and morphology of produced cellulose microfiber were studied by SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA.
The structure of cellulose microfiber becomes smoother and cleaner which confirms the removal of lignin with some others extractives after delignification with acidified sodium chlorite as shown as in Fig. 1(f).
Lu, Study on structure and thermal stability properties of cellulose fibers from rice straw, Carbohydrate Polymers. 85 (2011) 245–250
Material Physics and Chemistry. 2 (2014) 1–8.