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Here are chemical reaction deposition (oxidation, sulphurising, phosphatization, lubricant hardened clothing, deposition out of gas phase); steam deposition (thermical vaporization of refractory compounds, reactive bombardment of a cathode), direct electron-beam evaporation, reactive electron-beam evaporation, electron-chemical evaporation); electrodeposition (chromizing, nickel-plating, electrophoresis, nickel-phosphatization, borating, bromine-chromazing, chrome-phosphatization); wear-resistat compounds spraying (plasma sprying of powder matherial, detonation spraying, arc spraying, laser spraying, whirl psraying, inductive burning of powder materials). 2 – with surface layer composition changing.
Guagliano, Review of Shot Peening Processes to obtain Nanocrystalline Surfaces in Metal Alloys, Surf Eng. 25 (2009) 3-14.
Lee, Surface Hardening of Aluminum Alloy by Shot Peening Treatment with Zn Based Ball, Mater Sci Eng A. 543 (2012) 44-49.
Liu, Microstructure and Properties of A2017 Alloy Strips Processed by a Novel Process by Combining Semisolid Rolling, Deep rolling, and Heat Treatment, Int.
Dorokhov, I.M Gryadunov, The volumetric surface hardening of hollow axisymmetric parts by roll stamping method, Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 50 (2015) 104-112

Dendritic susceptibility and roughness of solder would be different with that of the solder alloys [11].
The alloys were prepared starting from pure elements. 1 Experimental 1.1 Instrumental /Materials and Sample Preparation Germanium 99.9999 mass% purity (supplied by Beijing Mountain Technical Development center) was used as starting materials.
The solder alloys used in this investigation were cold rolled to columns with Φ1cm×1.5cm.
Tadic, Microelectronics Journal 30, 887 (1999) [18] P.
Chi, Effect of adding Ge on rapid whisker growth of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.5Ge alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 480, 2009: 974-980

Roósz Conference Chairman Letters : University of Miskolc Physical Metallurgy and Metalforming Department H-3515, Miskolc, Egyetemváros Phone/Fax : +36 46 565 201 E-Mail : femroosz@gold.uni-miskolc.hu http://www.matsci.uni-miskolc.hu Preface In the last decades the research of solidification of the metals, alloys and compound crystals has developed in a large extent.
Several journals are available for publication of the research results.

This alloy steel can be heat treated to increase the service life and dimensional accuracy of the die and tooling.
Main aim of the current investigation was to formulate an optimum heat treatment strategy for H11 steel, especially for hot work applications.
Introduction Tool steels used in machining and metal forming operations are generally high-alloy steels.
Especially selected alloying elements ensure high levels of strength, toughness, and hardness, making these steels suitable for dies and cutting tools [1].
AK, Qamar SZ and al-Fuhaid KM (2003), A Study of Die Failure Mechanisms in Aluminum Extrusion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 134 (3), March 2003, p 318-328

The mechanisms of corrosion and inhibition by organic compounds are highly intricate, making the approaches of quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics crucial in this subject.
The electron distribution in the HOMO orbitals of both compounds B1 and B2 is visualised in Figure 1.
The HOMO and LUMO of the optimized structures of the studied compounds of a) Hexadecanoic acid (HA), b) 1H-benzotriazole (BTAH) Figure 3 displays visualizations of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and electrostatic potential maps (Isosurface) for the four compounds analyzed using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311(d) basis in the aqueous phase.
The figure demonstrates that the hexadecenoic acid (HA) and 1H-benzotriazole (BTAH) compounds adsorb against the metal surface in a parallel orientation.
Additionally, these compounds exhibit conformational stabilization and are attracted to the copper surface by the presence of heteroatoms [40], [42].

The aim of this study is to explore the option of codoped ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalyst in degradation of congo red (CR) used as a model of organic pollutant under UV light irradiation.
Dutta, Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes with manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles, Journal of Hazardous Materials 156 (2008)194-200
Prakoso, The correlation between magnetic and structural properties of nanocrystalline transition metal-doped ZnO particles prepared by the co-precipitation method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 546 (2013) 48–56
Yu, Trapping of Ce Electrons in Band Gap and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism of Ce4+ Doped ZnO Nanowires, Journal of Applied Physics 106 (2009) 83515
Navío, Photocatalytic properties of iron-doped titania semiconductors, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 98 (1996) 171-181

Maraging steel is an iron-nickel steel alloy, which achieves very good material properties like high toughness, hardness, good weldability, high strength and dimensional stability during heat treatment.
Introduction Maraging steel is a low-carbon ultra-high strength Fe-Ni alloy, which contains primarily Ni, Co, Mo, Ti, Al and Cr elements.
The presence of intermetallic compounds formed during the aging treatment, such as Ni3Ti, NiAl, NiMn, Ni3Al phases and that is the reason for the increase of strength.
The preferential occurrence of retained austenite at cell boundaries was connected with a higher content of alloying elements in these areas.
Ceschini, et al., Effect of laser melting (SLM) process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel, Journal of Mat.

Modern copper-alloyed zinc sulfide -based industrial luminophors are one of the most efficient in the blue-green region of the spectrum.
Because of the complex superposition of the magnetic resonance lines of Mn+2 ions in different microenvironments and their insufficient resolution in X-range, it was not our aim to estimate the parameters of spin–Hamiltonian the way it was done in [13].
Belyaev, Luminescence of ZnS:Cu particles modified by shungite nanocarbon, Journal of optical technology. 84 (2017) 49
Vlaicu, Distribution and interaction of Mn2+ ions incorporated in cubic ZnS quantum dots over a broad concentration range, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 662 (2016) pp. 193-199
Rozhkova, Aggregation and stabilization of shungite carbon nanoparticles, Russian Journal of General Chemistry.

Most of tin whisker phenomena was reported on tin plating [15–19], but recently, tin whisker was also observed in Sn-based solder alloys [20–22].
The solder alloys used in this investigation were cold to room temperature.
The ECM susceptibility of solder joints would be different with that of the solder alloys attributing to the surface roughness of the solder joints was different with the pure solder alloys.
The another factor affecting on whisker formation was absolutely relative to the formation of IMC (intermetallic compound), Zn and Bi doping in SAC solder cannot eliminate IMC formation, which can cause the compressive stress on the solder alloys, so whisker growth was inevitably.
Tadic, Microelectronics Journal 30, 887 (1999)

Novel processing methods for ceramic powder sintering, including Y-TZP, aim to reduce processing times and production costs significantly, while maintaining or even improving the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of the material.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 65 (1982) 242–246
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 494 (2010) 175-189
Journal of Materials Science Letters, 1 (1982) 13-16
International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 10 (2013) 313-320