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These values were applied due to the data provided in Figure 6 which presents the load vs. displacement properties of the Belleville washers in question.
The maximum force applied was set to 7000 N in this investigation in order to avoid exceeding 75% of the maximum deflection, which would result in significant force increase and stress characteristics [13]. 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Load (N) Deflection (mm) Single Disc Spring 4 x Disc Spring in Series Fig. 6: Force vs. displacement data - washers in series It is worth noting that the strip guide does not subject the material to any deformation as it consists of two flat rolls.
Fig. 7: Profile elements for validation Table 1: Model validation - numerical vs. experimental data Element Experimental Numerical Variation (%) a 17.769 mm 17.661 mm -0.608 b 17.343 mm 17.380 mm +0.213 c 1.432 mm 1.499 mm +4.679 d 54.546◦ 55.05◦ +0.933 The successful validation of this model then progressed the investigation to subjecting the top roll in the third pass with variable pressures as previously described.
This data represents the thickness strain for the following three simulation configurations: the original standard friction model simulation where no force is applied to the top roll; and when a 2000 N and 7000 N load is applied
-0.025 -0.02 -0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Thickness strain () Distance along strip in z-direction (mm) Original 2000N 7000N Fig. 10: Thickness variation along web This data is collected to illustrate that some thinning occurs in each of the simulation set ups.

At present, the software comprises:  The database with text data - i.e. a verified set of information on the object under examination and technical specifications of operating/monitoring it;  The database containing measuring data - more than 4000 records on the Polish population of the SO-3 engines, collected during more than 15 years, taken at OAT = -25 to +30o C, pA = 720 to 770 mm Hg, and humidity of 20 to 100%; also, the SO-3 overhaul-delivered data (collected during 12 years), including, among other things, information on frequency spacing of blades in the blade ring.
The diagnostic rules also facilitate automatic identification and verification of the source of measurement data (the engine type and the serial number thereof) and software-based synchronisation of taking subsequent records.
By 2007, the E1 estimator has been reduced by 39% (as compared to the level of 1994), whereas reduction of the E2-related risk of the HCF + LCF affecting the blades needed some changes in the process of engine overhaul (improvement in the rotor balance, account taken of torque balance of the rotor, changes in principles of frequency-based selection of blades).
By 2007, the E2 estimator has been reduced by 19% to the total effect of 55% reduction in the number of engines affected with the described phenomenon.
During 15 years of using the noncontact blade-vibration measuring method, the following things have occurred:  Since 1991 no fatigue crack of any compressor blade in the SO-3 engines has been found;  The statistical mean time between fatigue break-offs of blades has been increased (eight times for calendar-based data, and four times on the hourly basis, which is the effect of some decrease in the total flying time per year per one engine);  The surge as a result of maladjustment of the fuel system and latent defects of subsystems has been eliminated;  Five SO-3 engines have been taken out of service due to excessive errors in shapes of blades of the compressor 1st stage rotor.

A correlation between the structural configuration of Zn3Ta2O8 and the XPS data is also established.
The charging was taken care of by neutralizing with slow electrons and ions during the data acquisition.
The results clearly indicate that electron beam stimulated a reduction of Ta sites on Zn3Ta2O8 surface in the presence of O2 ambient.

This electrocatalytic effect is detected normally by the reduction current increase (Ired) and the oxidation current decrease (Iox) of the typical polyoxometalates redox processes.
A DMAX RigaKu 2200 diffractometer with a graphite secondary monochromator is used to obtain data regarding the NHM crystalline nature.
Nevertheless, the presence of such nanoparticles is confirmed, in good agreement with XRD data, and the typical vibrational modes of the SiW12 Keggin structure (979 cm-1 for Si-O, 923 cm-1 for W=O, 877 cm-1 from W-O vertex, and 778cm-1 from W-O edge) are marked with an asterisk for MH3 with some shifts suggesting the interaction with the NTS matrix [40].
However, as shown in figures 4b) and 4c, in sample MH4 and especially in sample MH5 the dispersion is suppressed and the nanoparticles agglomerate although the size of the nanoparticles is retained, in agreement with XRD data.
The main diffraction peaks of this oxide are detected between 2q = 22° and 29° (JCPDS data 32-1395, 33-1387, 20-1324, and 20-1323) as well as the main peak of the NTS matrix observed in Fig. 1, suggesting its nanoscale or amorphous nature making it hard to detect.

The theory is that delaminating a complex surface 3D digital model along the contour line, and forming a series of section 2D data, then doing plastic forming from the top to the bottom level by level and part by part according to the section 2D data.
Under the control of computer, the forming head mounted on a 3-axis joint linking CNC machine is moved to the top position of a model first and set a rolling reduction for the sheet metal, and then plastic deformation is done along the contour line of the first level (shown in Fig. 1).
When the surface of the first level is finished, the forming head will be set another rolling reduction and be moved along the next contour line, and then the surface of the second level will be done.
Fig. 16 Fig. 17 The specific data of machine tools automatic programming is below, but it’s too long to show all in this article, so a small part of program at beginning is cut out to show the data

The results of creep of neat RPC and its composites are shown in Fig. 2, which are obtained by averaging the data of three parallel tests carried out under a constant tensile stress of 10 MPa. 2 3 1 Fig. 2.
The data obtained testify that addition of 10 wt. % of EVAc considerably increases creep of the investigated materials.
Dots — experimental data; lines — approximations according to Eqs. (1) and (2).
Corresponding creep data in these coordinates are shown in Fig. 3, from which one can conclude that the experimental points are really arranged along straight lines.
Decomposition of organic modifier in clays can lead to discoloration of polymers as well as reduction in modification efficiency, especially after multiple reprocessing steps, what is unavoidable during recycling.

Recent developments in the fusion materials program are focused on adjusting the chemical composition to achieve low activation after irradiation as well as on the reduction of the shift of the ductile–brittle transition temperature after irradiation.
Up to now, published data on the fatigue properties of RAFM steels is relatively limited.
Comparison with international data depicted in Fig. 3(a) indicates that the LCF properties of indigenous RAFM steels are close to the international data.
(a) (b) Fig. 2 Comparison of cyclic stress response curves of RAFM steels with varying W and Ta contents tested at a constant strain rate (3×10-3 s-1) [11] (a) and comparison of fatigue life of RAFM steels with modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel at 823 K (550oC) (b) (a) (b) Fig. 3 Comparison of fatigue of Indian RAFM steels with international data [11] (a) and effect of tungsten and tantalum on cyclic stress-strain curves of RAFM steels at 823 K (550oC) and strain rate 3×10-3 s-1 (b).
Hence in the intermediate temperature range beyond 473 K to about 773 K (500oC), where oxidation effects are not predominant, life reduction with increasing temperature has been attributed to the effects of DSA.

Disaster reduction technologies based on digital information means of Binhai Industrial Park.
We use this technology to ensure the inherent risk index, social risk index and management measures risk indicator, mainly through a large number of experimental scene simulation and data statistical analysis, with a new risk assessment method-ARAMIS.
Monitoring and warning, the technology is the basis of risk assessment, by data information collection, arrangement and analysis.
In addition, we should integrate and make use of the monitoring and management information technology for the coastal zone industrial disasters sources, and research the fast forecast system of dangerous goods leakage, based on the GPS data transmission, GIS visualization technology, as well as perfect the decision support system of data processing and monitoring management for industrial disasters sources.
[3] Ruobo Wang, “Disaster Chain of Urban Land Subsidence in Tianjin,” Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research, Vol31 No1,pp. 54-60,Mar,2008(In Chinese)

For example, a study conducted by Li[1] has applied wavelet transform to decomposition, noise reduction and reconstruction in a set of traffic flow time series collected from several detectors in signalized related intersections group.
Thus, situations occur where traffic arrives at the downstream randomly, contributing to the reduction of coordination control and adjacent intersection correlations.
The detailed field data collection efforts was performed on four adjacent intersections in the city of Chuzhou to collect data on signal timing, volumes of different movements, geometric properties and platoon characteristics.
Simulation Evaluation The field and simulation data were used along with guideline elements to determine where interconnection of a series of isolated signal is desired.
The field and simulation data collected were used to verify the guidelines established to evaluate whether signal interconnection is helpful in improving traffic operation through isolated intersections.

The obtained data complies with the literature [20, 21].
Consequently, the data mentioned above confirms the successful oxidation of graphite forming the GO.
The XRD data was obtained to identify the crystalline structure for graphene oxide material (figure 3a) and the interlayer spacing between layers.
The data displayed a sharp peak at 2θ= 9.7° representing (001) plane [22, 23].
An environmentally friendly and efficient route for the reduction of graphene oxide by aluminum powder.