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Online since: August 2014
Authors: Zhang Zheng, Liang Li, Yin Fei Yang, Ning He, Wei Zhao
In our analyses, since material and physical data were not available for Al 7085 tempered aluminium forged blocks, data for Al 7075 were used instead.
After compression of 3 % (compression in the z direction, ratio=3%), around 65% stress reduction was achieved by reducing the residual stress values to around 115 MPa (reduction percentages were calculated by using the maximum residual stress values after quenching and compression).
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 6 Simulation and experimental data of specimen surface residual stress: (a) Measured in the x direction (b) Measured in the y direction (c) Measured in the diagonal direction. 3.4 Result of machining distortion It can be seen in Fig. 7 that the part is deformed significantly after machining.
[9] The Aluminium Association, Aluminium Standards and Data, March 1997
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Valeria V. Strokova, Ekaterina V. Fomina, Mikhail Sergeevich Lebedev, Igor Vladimirovich Zhernovsky, Natalia Ivanovna Kozhukhova
Thus, studies aluminosilicate materials with IR-spectroscopy presented in this paper are consistent with previous data of chemical and mineral composition and confirm the marked differences.
In this regard, the purpose of these studies was to investigate the composition and the type and origin of bonds in the material by IR-spectroscopy and a comparison of data obtained by various methods of analysis, and establishing of correlation.
Whereas increasing aluminum content leads to reduction in the vibration frequencies of the bridge bonds [1].
Significantly lower content of alumina in the second group of materials is reflected in the reduction of the intensity of these bands (Fig. 3, 4).
Summary The results of studies on aluminosilicate materials with IR-spectroscopy are consistent with previously reported data of chemical and mineral composition [3] and confirm the marked differences.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Peter Košťál, Andrea Mudriková, Stefan Václav, Ronald Díaz Cazañas, Šimon Lecký, Dávid Michal
To introduce a new product, it is usually need to transform CAD data and reenter a manufacturing data into the production system used by the manufacturer.
As industrial devices become more intelligent and connected, they are producing huge amounts of data that can be collected and used to generate new business ideas. [5] Basically the aim of the industry 4.0 is the realization of the intermittent manufacturing with mass production’s productivity and specific cost.
The whole FMS (all manufacturing and handling devices) must therefore contain a communication structure based on modern industrial standard that is compatible also with other industrial facilities to enable trouble free data transfer.
They are can not hardened because the (Al-Mn type alloy) has a small hardening effect and also because a small increase in strength would be accompanied by a great reduction in ductility (Al-Mg type alloy).
Dobos, “Waste reduction possibilities for manufacturing systems in the industry 4.0,” IOP Conf.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Jian Xiong Ye, Ke Chen, Fang Wu, Qun Pan, Ze Dong Yu, Chang Hui Yang
Great Reduction of Resource Consumption.
Great Reduction of Energy Consumption.
The LCA Study of the Material and Basic Evaluation of the Ecomaterial In Table 6, the data from LCI and IA analyses on alkali activated slag cement based ecomaterial according to environmental data from public system and environmental data from life cycle process are given, and the environmental pollution equivalent and environmental pollution relative index were calculated according to environmental impact pollution equivalent, relative equivalent data and global total equivalent of common pollutants, then, the weighted factor of environmental impact is obtained by AHP method and the complex environmrntal index for this material can be obtained[4-6].
Online since: December 2009
Authors: G. Palumbo, Luigi Tricarico, Donato Sorgente
But the parameter strain rate, being strictly related to the pile up of dislocations and the recrystallization phenomena, is as important as the parameter temperature for the improvement of the Mg alloys formability: in fact, the strain rate reduction can determine an increase of both material softening and post-uniform elongation [3-4].
Thus, it is necessary to take into account the temperature as well as the strain rate when investigating the formability of Mg alloys, if appropriate and reliable material data have to be implemented in the FE models.
Most of FLC data in literature concerning such alloys, do not take the strain rate into account; indeed, it is often not considered at all [7, 8] or its effect on FLCs is only qualitatively evaluated by means of tests carried out at a constant punch speed but not at a constant strain rate [10, 11].
But the occurrence of critical conditions, different according to the strain path, cannot be simulated and evaluated by means of the implementation of data from maximum elongation measured by standard tensile tests.
FE analysis was performed adopting for both the specimen in AZ31 an isotropic yielding condition (von Mises) and taking into account the plastic behavior according to the temperature and strain rate, as resulting from the mechanical characterization; as concerns the driving sheet, data from literature were adopted [13].
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Hong Wu Zhang, Jing Zhi
Total energy production in 1990 was 3.19 times as much as that in 2012, while the total consumption in 1990 was 3.66 times as much as that in 2012.Overall, energy production and energy consumption remained balanced, but the energy consumption is relatively higher than the energy production, according to the data of the total amount of energy production and energy consumption in 2012, Chinese energy consumption of more than 290 million tons of energy production, indicating that China is facing the serious energy pressure, and production of energy resources cannot meet the needs of Chinese economic and social development, thus energy is an important factor to restrict the rapid development of Chinese economy .
Figure 1 The trend of Chinese total energy production and consumption Source: China National Bureau of Statistics http://data.stats.gov.cn/workspace/index?
According to the Statistics data of the National Bureau, in 1990-2012, the most of the energy consumption is coal, accounting for 66.6 percent of Chinese total energy consumption in 2012.
Figure 2 The trend of Chinese energy consumption structural change in 2000-2012(tce) Source: China National Bureau of Statistics http://data.stats.gov.cn/workspace/index?
The sustainable use of sources and environmental protection policy are mixed, mostly adopt the single measure of tax reduction, offset investment, accelerate depreciation, deferred taxes and other tools are less frequently used, the stable mechanism policy for long-term is not take shape.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Michael J. O'Loughlin, Kenneth G. Irvine, Albert A. Burk, Vijay Balakrishna, Adrian R. Powell, Anant K. Agarwal, R.T. Leonard, C. Hallin, Elif Berkman, Jonathan Young, Lara Garrett, Y. Khlebnikov, C. Basceri, Brett A. Hull, Joseph J. Sumakeris
Hot (and warm) wall reactors have a critical advantage in the reduction of Si-supersaturation which would otherwise limit epitaxial layer growth rate and quality.
Inspection of the data indicates that on average the 8 wafers are ~110°C cooler than the susceptor due to the gas foil levitation.
In order to study layer uniformity and reproducibility under high volume production conditions, layer data from multiple reactors growing 600 V Schottky epitaxy were normalized by multiplying the entire data set for a given parameter by a single factor.
Figure 6 and Table I contain the compiled epitaxial layer data from approximately 100 full 8x100-mm growth runs normalized to 10 micron thickness and 5x1015 cm-3 doping.
The data is normally distributed, with 50% of the wafers being within ±0.75% of the mean and all of the wafers within ±3% of the mean.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Hua Jin, Hui Jun Shi, Xin Qi
Application of the deterministic models is still difficult and questionable due to the intensive data needed for inputs, especially in the area where regional hydrological conditions are complex [3].
Multiple linear regression attempts to investigate the relationship between two or more explanatory variables and a response variable by fitting a linear equation to observed data.
The linear regression model for explanatory variables X1, X2, …, Xp is defined to be, and the linear regression model can also be expressed as follow equations when n groups of observed data are obtained
The survey data in the 1995-2013 periods was gathered, displayed in Figure 1.
A multivariate linear regression model was developed based on the data of recharge, discharge and groundwater levels during the periods 1995-2013.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Xin Zhao, Shuo Fang
The static figures are as important as dynamic figures as caloric value of fuels and benchmark data of manufacturing industrials.
As to unit energy consumption of ways of transportation, the used data are as follows according to ‘Railway Statistical Bulletin of 2008’ and ‘China’s Traffic Yearbook of 2008’, which are updated data by China’s government.
The factory-prices of steel, concrete and bars are respectively 12000 Yuan/t, 500 Yuan/m3 and 4500 Yuan/t, which are similar to updated prices (Data till the end of April, 2012).
Calculation results Maximum load rate of diagonal-section Axial compression ratio Section conditions of shear resistance Bearing capacity of shear resistance 0.237 0.337 0.436 The carbon emissions calculated are on the base of preamble methods, data and assumptions.
Technical Framework on Carbon-reduction for the Assessment of China’s Low-carbon Green Residential Communities (Working Paper), 8.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Hiroshi Noguchi, Akiyoshi Hagihara, Yasuji Oda
On the other hand, it takes long time to fatigue-test at low frequency, so it is difficult to collect the data necessary for the fatigue strength evaluation.
It takes long time to fatigue-test at low frequency, so it is very difficult to collect data necessary for the fatigue strength evaluation.
Fig. 5 shows a dl/dN-l data at pH = pN = 0.18 MPa, ∆εt = 0.50%, 313 K.
Fig. 6 shows dl/dN-f data.
It seems that to find the practical saturation frequency at larger stress intensity factor and to collect the crack growth rate data at the frequency can make the design of hydrogen gas tank rational.
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