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The main microstructural features of Ni-YSZ anode should possess excellent phase connectivity of the constituent phases, homogeneous phase distribution of fine grains and connected pore structure of proper pore size.
route appears to be effective for obtaining very homogeneous microstructure of Ni-YSZ anodes with excellent phase connectivity and uniform grain and pore sizes, as shown in Fig. 2.
The significantly increased conductivity of IPC anode could be attributed to the improved Ni connectivity originating from the increased number and size of Ni percolation clusters.

At small volumes of technogenic raw materials the number of economically justified processing variants are limited, most acceptable one is heap leaching.
At that, most of the gold (93%) is concentrated in part with grain size less than 44 microns and it is accessible to leaching solutions.
[19] Xiao-dong Hao, Yi-li Liang, Hua-qun Yin, Hong-wei Liu, Wei-min Zeng, Xue-duan Liu, Thin-layer heap bioleaching of copper flotation tailings containing high levels of fine grains and microbial community succession analysis, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 24 (2017) 360-368

All diffraction peaks in Fig.3 could be indexed as the hexagonal structure hydroxyapatite (JCPDS file number 9-432).
The significant peak broadening indicates the nano-HAP has a very small grain size.
The wider diffraction peak, the smaller grain size.

A microstructure of AZ31B used in this study was equiaxed α-Mg phase and its average grain size was about 15 µm.
The size of the region was about 10-20 µm and the value corresponds to grain size of AZ31B.
Regions with striation like pattern were observed partially in Mg-Zn2-Y2-Zr0.2 alloy and the other areas were relatively flat 10µm (a) 10µm (b) 50 100 150 200 250 300 104 10 5 10 6 10 7 108 109 AZ31B AZ31B(not failed) MgZnYZr MgZnYZr(not failed) MgZnYZr ini AZ31B ini AZ31B Nan ● MgZn2Y2Zr0.2 〇 MgZn2Y2Zr0.2（not failed） ■ AZ31B □ AZ31B（not failed） ▲ AZ31B Nan, et. al. [2] Number of Cycle to Failure, Nf Fig. 4 (a) longitudinal-section and (b) cross-section of microstructures of Mg-Zn2-Y2-Zr0.2 alloy.

Fig.1 Concise structure diagram of vibration-impact rammer Representatives of numbers in Fig.1 are as follows: 1-crank gear 2-connecting rod 3-oriented cylinder 4-spring sleeve 5-upper spring group 6-piston 7-bottom spring group 8-piston rod 9-tamping plate Related theory of soil The soil deformation is divided into three stages: (1) the compaction stage; (2) the local shear damage stage; (3) the whole shear failure phase.
The soil damping c represents the energy loss caused by the friction and soil grain viscous effects.
So vibration-impact rammer can not work on close-grained soil for a long time.

Table 1 The composition of high vanadium high speed steel(wt%) C V Cr Mo Mn Ni Si S P 2.74 8.00 3.62 2.98 0.12 0.12 0.76 0.038 0.055 Table 2 The experiment parameters of tempering Number Heating temperature/℃ Heating rate℃/s Holding time/min Cooling rate℃/s 1# 250℃ 2 30 0.5 2# 550℃ 3# 600℃ After tempering, the hardness was determined by HR-150A Rockwell hardness tester, then the wear resistance was test by the pin-disk friction wear testing machine (show in Fig.1).
(a) Quenching (b) Quenching+250℃tempering (c) Quenching+550℃tempering (d) Quenching+600℃tempering Fig.5 Wear surface of samples Analysis shows that a small quantity of retained austenite in steel increases the wear-resisting property in condition of abrasive grain wearing.
When there is large quantity of austenite in steel, the soft austenite can't prevent the abrasive grain availably from scratching surface, and protect wear resistant phase of high hardness carbide, which the carbide flakes off early because of sticking up and make the wear resistance of material worse.

Table 3 The average of hardness Conditions Brinell Hardness Number: 10-mm, 3000-kgf [HBS] ASTM A516 Gr.70 ASTM A36 Base material 148 109 Annealing 138 93 Normalizing 148 95 Quenching in oil 191 104 Quenching in water 329 161 Quenching in salt water 347 156 Microstructures.
According to microstructure in Fig. 2 and 3, the grain size of ASTM A36 was larger than ASTM A516 Gr.70.
The change of grain shape of ASTM A516 performed by tension force was more than ASTM A516 Gr. 70 so the MBN signal of ASTM A516 Gr. 70 was altered than ASTM A36.

The number of globular carbide decreases and the number of coarse plate-shaped pearlite increases with increasing holding time at the same drawing strain.
According to investigations [1,3,9-11], there are three forms of carbon atoms after the compulsory dissolve of cementite: being interstitial atoms in supersaturated ferrite, existing in high-density dislocations and existing in grain boundaries.
That means when the spheroidizing temperature is lower than AC1, the carbon density is high in these regions (including cementite, dislocation and grain boundaries).

Crystallization of glass from the surface or from a small number of sites in the interior usually results in low strength materials with coarse-grained microstructures; in contrast, efficient nucleation of crystals from numerous centres results in fine-grained microstructures and consequently high-strength materials.
Besides, the activation energy for the first peak in the L0 sample is lower than the activation energy for that peak in L0CaF6 sample. m is the dimensionality of growth, which can take values ranging from 1 to 3 (m=1, 2 and 3) for one-, two- and three-dimensional growth, respectively. m=n-1 when nucleation occurs during DTA and the number of nuclei in the glass is inversely proportional to α.

In particular, it has been demonstrated that the effective stress intensity factor allows a rationalization of the loading ratio in 7075-T6 alloy [3], of the yield strength on AISI 1018 in duplex and normalized conditions [4], of the effect of texture in thin sheet (1.6 mm) and thick plates (12.7 mm) of Al-Li 2090 T8X [5], or of grain size on threshold in Armco iron [6].
The isotropic and kinematic constitutive law (Table 1) for the 304L stainless steel required a large number of cycles to reach a steady state of the stress and strain fields near the crack tip.
To answer this problem, a balance between the number of cycles between each release and the computational time is considered to be optimised with 15 cycles [10].
Threshold and effective threshold of fatigue crack propagation in ARMCO iron I: The influence of grain size and cold working.