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Nowadays, a number of wooden house that the indigene relied on living in have been damaged in the Ya’an earthquake in Sichuan in 2013.So it is necessary for us to have a study on wood structure reinforcement [1-2].
It has a lower compressive strength parallel to grain.
The AFRP is kind of advanced composite material (ACM) in a number of theoretical and experimental researches due to the excellent mechanical properties AFRP have, such as high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, easy to cut, ease of application, save artificial and so on.
The timber gives a tensile strength parallel to grain of 111.4 MPa, parallel compressive strength of 35.6 MPa and the flexural strength of 69.0 MPa, and with the moisture content is 15%.

In order to achieve the formation of Cu grain in Cu thin films, a pre-annealing before the growth process at a lower temperature (700°C) is necessary to minimize the Cu evaporation that occurs at high temperature[17].
For material characterization, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy were used to observe the number of layers and the surface morphology of as-produced graphene.
After we transferred the graphene synthesized on Cu foils onto SiO2 substrate, the Raman spectrum(Fig. 3d) showed that the number of graphene layers was 2, since the G to 2D peak ratio was approximately 0.9 and the FWHM(full width at half maximum) was 50 cm-1[19].
Optical image shows that the size of Cu grain formed during the CVD growth process in Cu thin films(Fig. 4a) is smaller than that in Cu foils(Fig. 4b), which may lead to more graphene wrinkles.

Introduction It is known that the production of cold-resistant welds of high strength steels is very difficult because of a number of specific factors.
One of the causes of the weld destruction is their low cold-resistance as compared to the base metal [2] Welding promotes grain growth and further hydriding, which increases cold-resistance of welded joints.
In addition, heat welding can contribute to phase transformations and isolation of impurities at the grain boundaries, which also increases steel brittleness [3] It is known that the content of cementite as a phase component, in iron-carbon alloys at is very low [4] In works [5, 6] processes of carbide formation during thermal stress relieving tempering of structural steels are studied.
Scheme of X-ray exposure of the samples with the number of sections Results and discussion It is known that the sensitivity of the X-ray method of investigation is often insufficient for qualitative and quantitative determination of cementite in low-alloy steels.

Physical testing of water sample is shown in table 1, which the density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the density of sediment is 2.65×103 kg/m3. 1 Reservoir 2 Dynamic system 3 Mixing tank 4 Pump 5 Valve 6 Testing pipeline section 7 Piezometer 8 Observing section of synthetic glass 9 Magnetic flow meter 10 Stand 11 Frequency counter 12 Air evacuation valve Fig.1Testing system sketch for muddy water pipeline conveyance Fig.2 Grain-size distribution of sand Table.1 Physical testing of water sample Number of water sample Mixing ratio of sediment content Sw(kg·m-3) Volume ratio of sediment content Sv(L·m-3) Number of water sample Mixing ratio of sediment content Sw(kg·m-3) Volume ratio of sediment content Sv(L·m-3) 1 0.185 0.070 9 2.691 1.015 2 0.622 0.235 10 3.443 1.299 3 0.793 0.299 11 4.054 1.530 4 0.960 0.362 12 4.634 1.749 5 1.640 0.619 13 5.024 1.896 6 1.755 0.662 14 5.637 2.127 7 2.492 0.940 15 6.027 2.274 8 2.622 0.989 16 6.852 2.586 Methods.
Under the same grain-size distribution of sand and the different sediment content, the inlet velocity is changed respectively from large to small and from small to large.

According to different pulse widths, the corresponding numbers of the samples with laser treatment respectively were Air No.1 (A1), Air No.2 (A2), Air No.3 (A3), and Air No.4 (A4).
The numbers of the sample in the water were W1, W2, W3, and W4.
On being cooled in the air or in the water, its internal temperature directly transferred out, and slowly formed a trend of temperature lapse from the surface to the inside, at the same time, cooling amplitude also decreased progressively, so there produced a phenomenon that the cooling gradient and speed of the point directly contacted with the media were maximum, the grains were fine, and the hardness was high.
(2) The unit body’s tissues acquired in different pulse widths were similar dendrite, but the difference was the size of grains.

To overcome the drawbacks of the standard four-point method, a number of other methods were proposed.
Experimental procedure and results The experimental samples were synthesized under quasihydrostatic high pressure conditions: 2 GPa, 1050 oC during 1 hour [1,2], from the mixture of Mg and B powders with 4.0 mm average grain size taken in MgB2 stoichiometry with additions of 10 % SiC.
Thus obtained current value multiplied by the turn number of the primary coil and by the coupling coefficient is treated as the critical current of the ring.
Two types of possible pinning centers exist: Mg-B-O inclusions responsible for the pinning in low magnetic fields and attaining extremely high Jc, and grains of higher borides being effective pinning centers, which in combination with introduced into MgB2 structure carbon allowed attaining high Jc for the bulk MgB2-based materials.

Results and Discussion Figure 1 illustrates the typical graph of the humidity content versus the number of strikes to determine the fluidity limit using the Casagrande apparatus.
Humidity content (%) Number of strikes Fig. 1.
Fluidity limit [%] Plasticity limit [%] Plasticity index [%] 57.1 30.9 26.2 Percentage passing (%) Percentage retained (%) Grain diameter (mm) Fig. 2.
Winkler, On the importance of large grain distribution and the mineral content for the manufacture of heavy clay products (in German), Reports German Ceramic Society 31(10) (1954) 337-343

After cutting these were prepared by successive grinding on metallographic paper to the 600 grain size.
The profile analysis of SEM image, highlighted with yellow arrow, shows the numbers of maximum roughness heights, Fig.5.
It can be shown that this number is large because at applying the electrode on the surface, residual stress appears due to melting and solidification, leading to high roughness peaks, advantaging the deposition of the second layer.
Rauschenbach-Influence of grain size on nitrogen diffusivity in austenitic stainless steel, Surface and Coatings Technology, 201 (2007) 6686-6689

The idea of the derivation of a relation for Xc was simple: at very short times (small thicknesses of the diffusion 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 Number of layers Atomic fraction of A t=67t1 (b) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 Number of layers Atomic fraction of A t=67t1 (b) zone) the finite permeability of the interface, determined by (7), will control the process (and e.g.
For the relaxation of stress by diffusion creep mechanism η can be estimated as [18]: η = d 2kT/28DΩ, (13) where d is the grain size (or the characteristic distance between the sinks and sources of vacancies).
It is very likely that in epitaxial, highly coherent bi or multilayers (where these effects can be important), that the number of misfit dislocations can be high enough to meet this condition.
Furthermore, similar numbers can be obtained, using again numbers obtained in [3] taking into account stresses of thermal origin (caused by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients).
Nechaev: Why you have not taken into account (for the regime A) the transport-by-dislocations (or grain boundaries) effect, according to the nomenclature of Leblond and Dubois (Acta Metall. (1983)) It seems very important for nanomaterials, where the grain boundary regions are of a large part of the volume.

It is not commonly used in Al processing; however the possibility of harnessing these inevitably present phases to achieve grain refinement is being explored [3].
However in practice it was observed that a number of coarse and inconsistent features were present around this value, meaning the {200} signal, if present, was heavily obscured.
Observation over a significant number (~800) of nucleation events found a distribution of undercooling values of around 40-50 °C [7]; and some studies have identified undercoolings as high as 175 °C [8].
Bristow, Modelling of inoculation of metallic melts: application to grain refinement of aluminium by Al-Ti-B, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 2823-2835