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The performance of ferrite magnet could be improved by controlling their grain size to single domain.
In the present work, strontium hexaferrites are synthesized by co-precipitation method because it has number of advantaged such as it provides [21] greater homogeneity greater reactivity high purity - no grinding, fine particle size with narrow distribution and no need of calcinations.
Co-precipitation provides low porosity, greater homogeneity of small grain sizes and cation distribution in them.
As the number of nucleation sites increases, the agglomeration of particles decreases.

Introduction Chen et al.[1] studies effects of the extrusion ratio of backward extrusion on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy.
Li et al.[9] explore backward extrusion of the composite material with AL6061 alloy and silicon to observe the grain size and distribution under various extrusion ratios using SEM.
From Fig. 5, the element is a quadrilateral with four nodes, and the 8 various element numbers are considered from rough to fine mesh.
The convergence error is ±1% in this analysis; the formula is expressed as below: (1) The exact datum are shown in Table 1; the model 5 (element numbers 7000) is good for the analysis, the convergence error is -0.19%.

This is because the peanut protein increases the number of the molecules of the hydrophobic peptide after the treatment of the ultrasonic wave, meanwhile, the exposed hydrophobic group relatively increases the hydrophobic part of the protein and it contributes to the formation of the micelle, and under those conditions, it to some extent, increases the emulsifying ability.
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Address: Technology road No.19 in Jinzhou, Bohai University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety Postcode: 121000 The invoice headline: Bohai University References [1] Tianqiying, Huayufei, The effect of the physical methods on the functional properties of the soybean protein which is isolated [J], Grain and oil, 2006(3):10~12 [2] Mayong, Zhoupei, The research of the functional properties and the main ingredients of the hazel powder[J], Food and fermentation industry, 2008, 34(1):72~75 [3] Limingshu, Yaokai, Jiadongying, Heqiang, the optimal condition of making peanut isolated protein in the method of alkali extraction and acid precipitation [J], China Oil, 2004, 29(11):21~23 [4] Zhujianhua, Yangxiaoquan, Xiongjian, the effect of ultrasonic wave’s treatment on surface properties of the soybean protein [J].
Grain and oil processing, 2006, (3):56~58 [12] Yinyurong etc.

Two forms are essentially used–light and heavy–the difference being the number of water molecules that are included in the compound.
The rate of the formation of nuclei was faster than the growth of grain at lower aging temperature (below 70°C), which was advantageous to the formation of the basic magnesium carbonate.
The formation of nuclei and grain growth basic magnesium carbonate were affected, which resulted in a decline in the quality of basic magnesium carbonate. 4.
Tab.1 Influence of carbonization temperature on the formation and crystal morphology of basic magnesium carbonate Carbonization temperature(°C) Aging time (h) Aging temperature(°C) Morphology (By optical microscope) Product formed (confirmed by XRD) 30 4 70 acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O 40 4 70 acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O 50 4 70 acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O 60 4 70 acicular and flaky 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O 70 4 70 acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O 80 4 70 acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O Tab.2 Influence of different aging temperature and aging time on the formation and crystal morphology of product Serial number Aging temperature (°C) Aging time (h) Morphology Product formed (confirmed by XRD) A 50 1-15 acicular MgCO3·3H2O B 60 1-6 acicular MgCO3·3H2O 60 7-12 acicular MgCO3·3H2O,4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O 60 More than 12 hours acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O C 70 1 acicular MgCO3·3H2O 70 2-3 acicular MgCO3·3H2O, 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·5H2O 70 More than 4 hours acicular 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O D 80 0.5 spherical

Last, calculate the water absorption value with the two number of quality above.
Table 2 Pore structure of different recycled aggregate Sample Number Total Intrusion Volume （mL/g） Total Pore Area (m2/g) Average Pore Diameter (nm) JZ 0.0857 26.659 12.9 NC 0.0902 24.312 14.8 NS2 0.0758 26.023 11.6 NCS2 0.0853 28.504 12.0 From the column of average pore diameter, the result of NC dealing with nano-CaCO3 is larger than JZ, while NS2 dealing with nano-SiO2 sol. is lower than JZ.
(a) JZ（2K） (b) NC（60K） (c) NS2（2K） Fig. 3 Micro-morphology of mortar attached to recycled aggregate using SEM In picture b, there is a cluster of nano-CaCO3 grains (in oval).This could explain that nano-CaCO3 grains filled into the pores and partly not react.

Furthermore, a growth kinetic model has been developed for equiaxed multicomponent dendrite tip by assuming no thermal gradient at the scale of the grain, negligible thermal undercooling, low growth rate, growth at the marginal stability limit, independent solute fields and neglect off-diagonal diffusion terms, [8].
In order to derive the distribution of the solutes Zn and Mg during dendrite solidification of AlZn-Mg alloys, the model for dendrite solidification of multicomponent alloys is used with unequal liquid diffusion coefficients [14].The combination of the equations corresponding to the dendrite tip radius, R, and solute gradients at the tip, to obtain R as a function of Peclet number, Pe, and from this, C* at the tip in the liquid, gives an equation of the form: C*L,j = Co,j / 1-(1-kj)Iv(Pej)] for j = 1, n (6) where Iv (Pe) = Ivantsov number = Pe exp(Pe) E1(Pe), and as pointed out in ref. [14], if the undercooling of the alloy is small, all the parameters of the phase diagram can be estimated at the liquidus temperature of the alloy.
The mathematical model employed for these predictions considers the growth kinetics of an equiaxed dendrite at low velocities [15, 16] to describe the growth of an equiaxed dendrite grain as that observed in this work.

Under this condition, pro-eutectoid alpha ferrite is formed in hypoeutectoids and slow cooling rates prevent the formation of cementite in the contours of austenitic grains for hypereutectoids.
Niobium acts as a ferritizing element and forms carbides that aid in the refinement of grains once the carbon consumption controls the amount of retained austenite.
Other parameters are total number of moles equal to 1 (N = 1) and pressure constant to 1.01325e5 Pa (1atm).
In order to produce contour lines, 495 chemical compositions were analyzed assuming that carbon, which strongly affect the transformations, varies from 0.0 to 1.5% with 0.15% step; aluminum as the main alloying element ranges from 0.0 to 8.0% with 1.0% step; and niobium from 0.0 to 2.0% with 0.5% step, so the number of calculations are not prohibitive.

The filler of earth rockfill cofferdam is general coarse-grained materials excavated from mountain and foundation pit.
According to the large-scale triaxial examination, the shear strength of the coarse-grained material is nonlinear [4,5,6], i.e., in the large stress range, the proportion relation between the shear strength of rockfill and the normal stress is not the constant.
The seepage calculation grid is shown in Figure 4 where the total number of nodes is 3229 and the total number of element is 3121.

Introduction It has been demonstrated that a number of properties, including electrical, electronic, magnetic, optical and mechanical are all influenced by the presence of a nano grain structure in materials [[] J.R.
Fig. 1 also reveals that the surfaces of the granules containing Freon 11 had a significantly increased number of defects, as intended, which weakened the granules, enabling them to crush more easily.
Previous work [6] has shown that 55% is enough to allow full densification to be achieved during pressureless sintering whilst retaining a final mean grain size of <100 nm.

The thermomechanical processing procedures developed by Sherby and coworkers [1] break up this carbide network and produce a microstructure containing fine equiaxed ferrite grains and uniformly distributed spheroidized carbides.
Table 3 gives the number, shape, and occupied area of graphite stringers determined from micrographs by quantitative analyses of the microstructure.
Fig.3 The graphite stringers in the UHCS rolled at 820℃ Table 3 Efect of rolling reduction on the feature of graphite stringers in the 1.28C-3.0Si-1.5Cr UHCS Rolling reduction [%] Number of graphite stringers in a 0.2-mm2 area Area of graphite fraction [%] Average width of graphite stringers [µm] 15 8.6 0.12 0.6 30 15.1 0.49 1.3 50 36.27 0.85 1.6 Superplasticity Sherby et al. [1] first found that the superplastic characteristics could be achieved in UHCSs.
As previously stated [2], the dramatic change of microstructure from lamellar pealites to equiaxed grains stabilized by spheroidized particles during superplastic deformation has been observed in the spray formed UHCS.