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Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study on Strain Evolution of Transparent Conductive Thin Films Prepared by RF Sputtering Method Keh-moh Lin1,a, Yang-Hsien Lee1, Wen-Yeong Huang1, Ching-Tsun Hsieh1,Chih-kai Hsu1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C.
aE-mail: kemo@mail.stust.edu.tw Keywords: Residual stress; ellipsometry; optical properties; transparent conductive oxide; Abstract.
Moreover, it is known that residual stress in TCO films affects their mechanical properties and reliability [3].
A Simple-Grade model and a Surface Roughness model were adopted to reflect the physical properties of the films.
The factor 0.5 comes from 50 vol% of voids assumed in the SE analysis [5].

The differences between the dynamic and static behavior are due to the strain-rate dependence of material properties and the presence of inertial forces.
The main differences of the response of concrete structures under impact with respect to the quasi-static behavior are due to the strain-rate dependence of the material properties and the presence of inertial forces.
This DIF affects the pull-out strength of the interface as τf,max = 0.4fc0.5.
In this paper, the different parameters affecting the contribution of the fibers (orientation, embedment length, etc) are taking into account by assuming, on average, an embedded length 0.25lf on the shorter side (and 0.75lf on the longer side) and αf = 0.5.
Naaman, Properties of strain hardening ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete under direct tensile loading.

Measurement was performed not only in the region of stable crack growth, but also in the threshold region enabling to estimate threshold values of stress intensity factor range using method of regression analyses.
Typical mechanical properties of the Al 2124 alloy are as follows: Strength 483 MPa, proof stress 441 MPa, hardness HV 146, fatigue strength 125 MPa, Fracture toughness in L-T 32 MPa×m1/2.
Mechanical high-cycle fatigue machine SCHENCK PHG was used, test frequency 40 Hz.
This behaviour cannot be easily explained without an evaluation of crack closure, which is likely a very important factor.
Such local microstructure irregularities affect FCG characteristics particularly in case of small specimens with rather low width, which was this case (W = 30 mm).

Generally energy is lost in all kinds of brake systems (mechanical or hydraulic).
Hydraulic accumulators are characterized by a high value of energy that can be accumulated and recovered, combined with the properties of hydraulic control systems, enabling smooth control ratio, allows for the construction of drives, which are characterized by favorable properties.
From the several models of gas, after previous analysis, the most suitable Van der Waals model is used in simulations of the accumulator pneumatic subsystem [4]: (6) where: a – cohesion factor, b – co-volume factor.
Differentiating the equation of state we obtain the dependence on pressure increase: (7) Simulation studies of hydro-pneumatic accumulator properties Simulation tests are designed to answer the question, what parameters and how they affect the efficiency of the accumulator, then how to choose the optimal parameter values due to the efficiency of the accumulator in the drive system, which is a secondary energy source, in presence of varying, as a function of time, load of the hydraulic drive system.
The model allows us to calculate the characteristics of the parameters of the system and to determine the effect of both the accumulator design parameters such as shape, material properties and the properties of the process cycle, on efficiency of energy recovery.

Nickel-free high nitrogen stainless steel has become more important due to its impressive mechanical and corrosion properties.
Introduction Nickel free high nitrogen stainless steel has become a novel potential stainless steel due to its impressive mechanical properties, corrosion properties and biocompatibility.
Although previous work on the mechanical properties of wrought or powder metallurgy-made stainless steel is well studied [1-5], the effect of surface active elements sulfur to the nitrogen content as well as bio-compatibility is less researched.
In general, few surface active element (SAE) additions, like O, S, Ce, and Te, are able to change the material properties [8], molecular structure and phases [9-14].
These minor additions may also affect the ability to absorb nitrogen.

., meanwhile, the preparation conditions as well as adsorption property of the fiber for precious metal ions were researched.
The paper investigated the effect produced by solvent, molar ratio of reagent, reaction time, pH, etc. on reaction products, meanwhile the structure and property of the functional fiber were characterized by the means of IR, EA, TG, gravimetric analysis[8], etc..
The reactive mode is inferred as follows [6,7]: ①Crosslinking In order to make the obtained modified fiber maintain certain mechanical strength and good antisolvent performance in the fabric processing and use-regeneration recycling process, we used ethylene glycol as solvent, and successively selected hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine, and DETA as crosslinking agent to crosslink the raw material PANF.
Factors Affecting the Reaction Effects of PH on the reaction Table 2 Effect of pH value on thioanidization process pH the Rate of Fiber Liveweight Growth Sulphur Content 7.5-8.0 30.75% 21.6% >8.5 55% 0.18% The data in Table 2 showed that: in the preparation process of the modified fiber, the most favorable condition for the formation of sulfamide functional group was when pH of the reaction solution reached 7.5 ~ 8.
This was mainly due to the fact that under alkaline conditions, -CN or the generated sulfamide group hydrolyzed and generated -COONa, so the pH value of solution in the reaction process was one of the key factors inhibiting by-products of hydrolyzation.

Microscopic picture of columnar nanostructured coating [5] Fig. 4 illustrates friction properties, taken from friction tests [5], after 105 fretting cycles for steel with CNC and DLC coatings.
Cylinder friction force is varied and depends on few factors like: cylinder velocity, pressure and temperature.
The first stage of research were dedicated to determine properties of singular cartridge valve 2-URES-6 installed in two way body.
The use of water reduces pressure losses by half, positively affecting energy efficiency of the high pressure water hydraulic system.
Covering the inside surface of the cylinder and the piston and piston rod surface confirms the protective properties of novel coatings against corrosion of steel parts, together with acceptable values of hydro-mechanical efficiency, not different from characteristics of oil actuators.

It also discusses changes in hardened matrix during tempering in relation to previously conducted dilatometric, microscopic and mechanical examinations.
The lattice parameters, atomic positions, occupation factors of the calculated XRD pattern were estimated.
The weight fraction of each component was determined from the optimized scale factors using the relation proposed by Hill and Howard.
Microstructure and properties, 2nd ed
Lee: Mössbauer analysis of heat affected zones of an sa 508 steel weld.

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been intensively investigated as potential biocompatible materials with appropriate structural, mechanical and corrosion properties for preferable orthopedic applications.
Introduction Magnesium and its alloys are interesting materials for biomedical research due to the combination of mechanical properties close to those of natural bone with their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Magnesium and its degradation products are non-toxic, and it is an important co-factor for many enzymes, especially for DNA replication and repair processes [3].
The average pH value of HBSS after testing was 9.3, confirming that process involved the release of hydrogen led by the alkalinization of the environment mainly affected by the formation of Mg(OH)2 [8].
Ding, Biocorrosion properties of as-extruded Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy compared with commercial AZ31 and WE43 alloys, Mater.

It is the subjective assessment of the strategy maker and also the objective reflection of the physical properties of the target.
Influence of Social Factors.
Comprehensive layer: the factors influencing stability of agro-ecosystem productivity mainly include natural factors and social economic factors.
Natural factors mainly refer to soil, climate and environment.
It is the most stable factor in the 6 factors.