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Rahman and Murtadhahadi: International Journal of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Vol. 3 No. 2 (2008), p. 108114
Ibrahim: International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Vol. 4 No. 1 (2009), p. 70-75 [15] Khairur Rijal Jamaludin, Norhamidi Muhamad, Mohd Nizam Ab.

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For quasi-brittle materials with week peak strain such as concrete, the results will be influenced significantly due to the bad joint between ends of specimen and SHPB[9].
(3) Strain rate effect happens due to that fiber concrete materials have a different failure process and constraints under static and dynamic loads.
ACI Materials Journal,1995, 92(1): 37-47 [4]Zhi-Liang Wang,Yong-Sheng Liu,R.F.
Construction and Building Materials 22 (2008) 811–819 [5]Hu Shisheng,Wang Daorong,Liu Jianfei.
University of Science and Technology of China,May, 2006,81-85 [7]Yan Shaohua,Li Zhicheng,Wang Mingyang, et al.

The water stability evaluation of new materials.
The low temperature deformation performance of new materials.
The bonding properties of new materials.
The paving and observations of field pavement test proved that: new materials has good stress absorption properties and can be used as stress absorbing layer of new materials.
[11] Zhi-yi HUANG, Jin-chang WANG, and Xiang-rong ZHU: submitted to Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science) (2007), Vol. 41(1). p.114-119.

It is found that the initial rotational stiffness and limit loading-capacity of steel joint components are affected significantly by the degradation of materials and the dimensions of components.
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the project of National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China (No. 2001CB409603) and the Chinese Post-doctor Science Foundation (No. 2005038074).
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Fig.1.The randomly stacking manure Materials and methods Research material.
[2].XuZu-xin,JiangYa-ping:Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science). 1044-1048(2009),p.37
[3].ZhangXu-mei,DongYuan-hua,et al: Environmental Science. 1312-1318(2007),p.28(6) [4].LiShu-tian,LiuRong-le,ShanHong: Journal of Agro-Environment Science. 179-184(2009),p.28
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Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013. 353: p. 3280-3283
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013. 353: p. 3316-3319
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013. 376: p. 185-189
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013. 376: p. 181-184
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012. 12(24): p. 2541-2547

For this kind of composite beams, their dynamic problems are relatively hard to solve due to the complexity of structures and the coupling between all kinds of deformations induced by anisotropy of materials [5].
Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2010, 46: 1-7
Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(3): 141-146
Analysis of vibration modality of double-cell thin-walled beam with composite materials based on ANSYS.
Journal. of Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2011, 30(6): 85-90.

The spread process of material microcrack can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of the materials when the structural element under loading.
Desai., Mechanics of Materials and Interface the Disturbed State Concept, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2000
Clark, Disturbed state constitutive modeling of two Pleistocene tills, Quaternary Science Reviews. 27 (2008) 267-283
Desai, Constitutive modeling of materials and contacts using the disturbed state concept: Part 1- Background and analysis, Computers and Structures. 146 (2015) 214-233
Desai, Constitutive modeling of materials and contacts using the disturbed state concept: Part 2- Validations at specimen and boundary value, Computers and Structures. 146 (2015) 234-251

Introduction Cotton is one of the most important materials for everyone and each country.
However, cotton is a kind of combustible material.
There were some previous studies for the transition of smoldering fire into the flaming fire for some other materials [6-11].
Based on the TGA-DSC analyses for cotton materials, it is suggested that the cotton will begin the exothermic reaction after its temperature is about 530 K.
Combustion and Flame, 2009, 156(12): 2231-2251 [8] Putzeys OM, Fernandez-Pello AC and Rein G et al, The piloted transition to flaming in smoldering fire retarded and non-fire retarded polyurethane foam, Fire and Materials, 2008, 32(8): 485-499 [9] Aldushin AP, Bayliss, A and Matkowsky BJ, On the mechanism of triggering the transition from smoldering to flaming, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007, 31: 2661-2668 [10] Aldushin AP, Bayliss, A and Matkowsky BJ, On the transition from smoldering to flaming, Combustion and Flame, 2006, 145(3): 579-606 [11] Babrauskas V and Krasny JF, Upholstered furniture transition from smoldering to flaming, Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1997, 42(6): 1029-1031