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Online since: July 2014
Authors: Li Ping Wang, Meng Meng Yin, Bi Xi Dong
So it`s really hard to calculate the total carbon footprint because of the large amount of data required.
The data in production and processing stage is as the follows.
Finished product transportation and using stage, the energy consumption of products transport (Ept) is 0.0108424tce/t[9,10,11].The data in waste and recycling stage is as the follows.
With some processing, we get the data in Table 2. as follows.
So the greatest reductions in the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe can be achieved in the raw material production and recycling transportation processes.
The data in production and processing stage is as the follows.
Finished product transportation and using stage, the energy consumption of products transport (Ept) is 0.0108424tce/t[9,10,11].The data in waste and recycling stage is as the follows.
With some processing, we get the data in Table 2. as follows.
So the greatest reductions in the carbon footprint of PP-R pipe can be achieved in the raw material production and recycling transportation processes.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Chuan Liang, Yu Ming Hu
The construction process has ended, even if there is a lot of irreparable cost overspends and cost reduction is necessary in follow-up construction process.
In data output, management team should collect monthly cost data, output monthly cost result or total cost result.
In addition, the system can save information and historical cost data as basis and reference for preparing planned construction cost in the future.
There are many cost data to process in time during construction.
Broadly speaking, the system has four functions such as planned management, actual cost management, comparing and analyzing cost and cost data management.
In data output, management team should collect monthly cost data, output monthly cost result or total cost result.
In addition, the system can save information and historical cost data as basis and reference for preparing planned construction cost in the future.
There are many cost data to process in time during construction.
Broadly speaking, the system has four functions such as planned management, actual cost management, comparing and analyzing cost and cost data management.
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Rolf T. Schulte, Ke Jia Xing, Claus Peter Fritzen
Most of these
techniques rely on changes of measurement data and do not need a computational model.
With the given input voltage and the calculated output voltage from the simulation, the impedance values can be calculated using the same algorithms as for the measurement data.
To demonstrate the basic capabilities of the simulation a comparison to experimental data is shown.
It seems possible to get a better fit to the measured data by using optimization methods to obtain adjusted values for material parameters in future applications, but that was not in the scope of the basic modelling idea presented here.
The comparison to real measurement data for an aluminum plate shows a good correlation.
With the given input voltage and the calculated output voltage from the simulation, the impedance values can be calculated using the same algorithms as for the measurement data.
To demonstrate the basic capabilities of the simulation a comparison to experimental data is shown.
It seems possible to get a better fit to the measured data by using optimization methods to obtain adjusted values for material parameters in future applications, but that was not in the scope of the basic modelling idea presented here.
The comparison to real measurement data for an aluminum plate shows a good correlation.
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Chiang Ho Cheng, Chia Lan Chang, Tsung Hsing Chan
To overcome the drawbacks of those
existing methods, we propose a new device by using an annular piezoelectric ceramic which is
coupled with a nickel nozzle plate to establish a vibrating field for breaking the bubbles with
substantial size reduction of the gas bubbles by 95%.
Each datum obtained is the average value from five measured bubble sizes at the sinusoidal driving voltage of 80 V.
The size reduction of the gas bubbles is almost 95%.
Conclusions We propose a new micro-scaled bubbles generator device by using an annular piezoelectric ceramic, which is coupled with a nickel nozzle plate, to establish a vibrating field for breaking the bubbles with substantial size reduction of the gas bubbles by 95%.
Each datum obtained is the average value from five measured bubble sizes at the sinusoidal driving voltage of 80 V.
The size reduction of the gas bubbles is almost 95%.
Conclusions We propose a new micro-scaled bubbles generator device by using an annular piezoelectric ceramic, which is coupled with a nickel nozzle plate, to establish a vibrating field for breaking the bubbles with substantial size reduction of the gas bubbles by 95%.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Li Bao, Xi Zhao Li
Finite Element Mode Simulation of the Frame, There’re 6 methods of Eigen value extraction, as methods of Subspace, Block Lanczos, Power dynamics, reduction and damp[3].
Pavement dynamic loads incentive program by writing APDL, the former, the Ministry of the rear axle displacement data to read in Notepad, ANSYS, has been the frame of a condition of stress contours, as shown in Figure 4.
Dynamic characteristics of the motorcycle frame through the analysis of dynamic loads can be an incentive in the weak parts of the stress off the shelves time histories, which provide a fatigue load spectrum for the raw data.
Limited by the test conditions, the need for statistical data processing, and then infer and simplified load history is obtained fatigue load spectrum[6].
In order to obtain statistical analysis of the overall characteristics of the load history, must be based on the distribution of the data sample test, then get the overall distribution of features.
Pavement dynamic loads incentive program by writing APDL, the former, the Ministry of the rear axle displacement data to read in Notepad, ANSYS, has been the frame of a condition of stress contours, as shown in Figure 4.
Dynamic characteristics of the motorcycle frame through the analysis of dynamic loads can be an incentive in the weak parts of the stress off the shelves time histories, which provide a fatigue load spectrum for the raw data.
Limited by the test conditions, the need for statistical data processing, and then infer and simplified load history is obtained fatigue load spectrum[6].
In order to obtain statistical analysis of the overall characteristics of the load history, must be based on the distribution of the data sample test, then get the overall distribution of features.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Sheng Chung Tzeng, Tzer Ming Jeng, Wei Ting Hsu, Guan Wei Xu
The data-acquiring equipment, including the YOKOGAWA MX100 data recorder and the personal computer, was used to record the steady-state temperature data.
The criterion of the steady-state data was the change of the temperature within 0.2°C during 15 minutes.
Data reduction and uncertainty analysis According to the estimation method of heat loss, the inlet and outlet of the test channel were sealed tightly by polystyrene.
The measured data was used to determine the relevant dimensionless parameters, including average Reynolds number (Re) and average Nusselt number (Nu)
According to the present data, there was even 10~34% increment in the overall heat-transfer performance for the cases with sufficiently small bypass clearance.
The criterion of the steady-state data was the change of the temperature within 0.2°C during 15 minutes.
Data reduction and uncertainty analysis According to the estimation method of heat loss, the inlet and outlet of the test channel were sealed tightly by polystyrene.
The measured data was used to determine the relevant dimensionless parameters, including average Reynolds number (Re) and average Nusselt number (Nu)
According to the present data, there was even 10~34% increment in the overall heat-transfer performance for the cases with sufficiently small bypass clearance.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: U. K. Sahbudin, M.M. Shahimin, M.A.M. Azidin, N.R. Yusof, N.A.M. Ahmad Hambali, M.H.A. Wahid
In this work injected data is varied from 5 to 25 Gb/s.
The output power is nearly constant for all data speed which is measured to be at 24.5 mW.
However, transition time increases with the data rate as illustrated in Figure 1.4.
With the increase in data rate, signal power will increase as well.
Higher data rates may also be introduced for faster switching if necessary.
The output power is nearly constant for all data speed which is measured to be at 24.5 mW.
However, transition time increases with the data rate as illustrated in Figure 1.4.
With the increase in data rate, signal power will increase as well.
Higher data rates may also be introduced for faster switching if necessary.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Jian Xin Yuan, Meng Ke Lu
In the inside portion of the transmitter , the data stream encoded by the interleaving process , the digital baseband signal for modulating operation using QPSK spectrum efficiency [4] and higher and smaller envelope characteristic constellation mapping processing of the baseband data that is we approach using QPSK .
Digital baseband modulation , it is necessary before each frame of the baseband data , insert a frame of a fixed training symbols (pilot symbols) , the receiver re-use mathematical properties training symbol , the phase synchronization , because the phase characteristics of BPSK simple (phase only 0 and π), and the conjugate symmetry with IFFT operation , the training symbols using BPSK modulation ; IFFT first before inserting the training sequence , the data symbol is modulated onto N orthogonal sub -carriers ; this can be suppressed by the reduction PARA prejudice bring ; IFFT after completion of the operation , insertion of a cyclic prefix , this operation can eliminate inter- carrier interference ICI and inter -symbol interference ISI; baseband data to be shifted to the frequency required by the DUC module , thereby increasing the data sampling rate ; Finally after ADC , the RF antenna for transmission.
Next, after inserting the transmitting side in order to obtain training symbols , FFT operation is performed after the extracted training symbol , the carrier phase offset estimation and symbol timing estimation , thereby to obtain a phase difference signal , a phase compensation sub -carriers , we can obtain baseband modulated data symbols ; after the baseband modulation QPSK data symbols inverse mapping [5] , you can get the original symbol , and finally gave the original symbol deinterleaving, decoding modules .
Digital baseband modulation , it is necessary before each frame of the baseband data , insert a frame of a fixed training symbols (pilot symbols) , the receiver re-use mathematical properties training symbol , the phase synchronization , because the phase characteristics of BPSK simple (phase only 0 and π), and the conjugate symmetry with IFFT operation , the training symbols using BPSK modulation ; IFFT first before inserting the training sequence , the data symbol is modulated onto N orthogonal sub -carriers ; this can be suppressed by the reduction PARA prejudice bring ; IFFT after completion of the operation , insertion of a cyclic prefix , this operation can eliminate inter- carrier interference ICI and inter -symbol interference ISI; baseband data to be shifted to the frequency required by the DUC module , thereby increasing the data sampling rate ; Finally after ADC , the RF antenna for transmission.
Next, after inserting the transmitting side in order to obtain training symbols , FFT operation is performed after the extracted training symbol , the carrier phase offset estimation and symbol timing estimation , thereby to obtain a phase difference signal , a phase compensation sub -carriers , we can obtain baseband modulated data symbols ; after the baseband modulation QPSK data symbols inverse mapping [5] , you can get the original symbol , and finally gave the original symbol deinterleaving, decoding modules .
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Rui Qing Mao, Xi Liang Ma
This article designed a CO concentration monitor with low power consumption, intrinsic safety, wireless data exchange.
The data acquisition, feature extraction and data processing are completed here.
Its data transfer rate is as high as 250 Kbps and its transmit power is 2.5mW.
Its power consumption can be further reduced by uploading Data periodically.
Maximum energy consumption of the Zigbee module is 20~30mA, but this module periodically sends data and rests in the rest of time.
The data acquisition, feature extraction and data processing are completed here.
Its data transfer rate is as high as 250 Kbps and its transmit power is 2.5mW.
Its power consumption can be further reduced by uploading Data periodically.
Maximum energy consumption of the Zigbee module is 20~30mA, but this module periodically sends data and rests in the rest of time.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Ling Zhang, Ming Hua Yang, Guo Gang Wang, Xiao Ping Han, Tao Liang
The essence is observing data from different angles and looking for the optimum pursuit method which can reflect the data characteristic at utmost and dig data information sufficiently.
The projection pursuit method is an effective dimensionality reduction technology which is applied to analysis and deal with the higher dimensional, nonlinear and abnormal problems.
Construct a project objective function.In essential, p dimensional data is integrated into as the value in projected direction.
Through solving the maximum value of projection index function, we can obtain the optimal direction of projection, and fully reveal certain structure features of high dimensional data.
The domestic and seven kinds of aircraft data as sample data matrix are listed in Table 1: Table 1.
The projection pursuit method is an effective dimensionality reduction technology which is applied to analysis and deal with the higher dimensional, nonlinear and abnormal problems.
Construct a project objective function.In essential, p dimensional data is integrated into as the value in projected direction.
Through solving the maximum value of projection index function, we can obtain the optimal direction of projection, and fully reveal certain structure features of high dimensional data.
The domestic and seven kinds of aircraft data as sample data matrix are listed in Table 1: Table 1.