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Materials play a fundamental role in any branch of civil engineering.
From ancient times to the present day, society has required enormous amounts of construction materials, which implies an excessive exploitation of materials that come directly from nature.
Once analyzed the materials, it is determined if they are suitable to be used in the elaboration of a pavement.
Pérez, Hot mix asphalt using C&D waste as coarse aggregates, Materials and Design, nº 36, pp. 840-846, 2012
I.Moreno, Durability Indicators in High Absorption, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015

Lee: Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 340 (2005), p. 307 [2] C.Hu, D.Z.
Jin: Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 330 (2013), p. 304 [3] G.
Hyun and I.Park: Journal of nuclear science and technology Vol. 49 (2012), p. 366 [5] L.
Nam: Korean journal of metals and materials Vol. 49 (2011), p. 924 [6] H.
Aballe: Journal of materials science Vol. 26 (1991), p. 4351 [9] T.H.

Three Dimensional Simulation of Thermal Pad using Nanomaterial, Nano-Silver in Semiconductor and Electronic Component Application Mazlan Mohamed1,*, Rahim Atan2, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah3, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad1, Mohd Huzaifah Yusoff1, Fathinul Najib Ahmad Saad4 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) School of Materials Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis 4Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Email: Mazlan547@ppinang.uitm.edu.my Key Words : Thermal pad, PLCC package, Thermal management, Numerical simulation, Average junction temperature, Nano-Silver .
Factors affecting the chip temperature such as coolant velocity, chip power and thermal conductivity of materials are studied and presented. 2.0 The Numerical Model 2.1 Governing Equations The basic equations describing the flow of fluid are conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy.
The simulation results are obtained with 4 PLCC’s with differences materials between nano-silver and epoxy are presented accordingly. 3.1 Effect of nano-silver material on Junction Temperature 3.1.1 For 4 PLCC, 0.5 W Chip power Figure 2 shows the contour of total temperature for 4 PLCC at 1W for velocities 0.1 and 1 m/s.
Discrete Thermal Sources Flush-Mounted on the Wall, Transactions of the ASME, journal of electronic packaging, Vol. 120, pp 510-514, 1998
Bayazitoglu, Forced convection Cooling Across Rectangular Block, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 109, pp 321-328,1987

It is obvious that the co-doped materials demonstrate high up-conversion efficiency, probably due to the well-defined microstructures.
GJJ14558 and KJLD13070) and the Project of Jiangxi Youth Scientist (No. 20122BCB23031) and the assistance of the Nanchang Key Laboratory of Materials Corrosion and Protective Technology.
Crystal structures, anisoteopoc growth and optical properties: controlled synthesis of lanthanide orthophosphate one-dimensional nano materials, J.
Chemistry-A European Journal. 11(2005) 2183-2195
Hexagonal Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Based Green and Blue Emitting Upconversion Phosphors, Chemistry Materials, 16 (7) (2004) 1244-125

Introduction Increased demands for precision components made of brittle materials such as optical glasses and advanced ceramics are such that conventional grinding and polishing techniques can no longer meet the requirements of today’s precision engineering.
Diamond cutting is a promising alternative to grinding and polishing techniques for fabricating high quality surfaces on brittle materials as a well-defined single point tool is more predictable than a multi-point grinding wheel [1-3].
Journal Series C Vol. 47 (1) (2004), p. 29 [2] W.S.
Lee: Sadhana-Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences Vol. 28 (5) (2003), p. 945 [5] M.
Ngoi: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

Preparation and properties of biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds for tissue engineering Xianyun He1,a, Yongjun Xu1,b,Yingjun Wang2,3,c, Gang Wu2,3,d, Bo Yuan1,e 1Department of mechanical engineering, Guangdong College of industry and commerce, Guangzhou 510510, China. 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China. 3National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Biodegradable porous polyurethane scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A,2006,79A, 128-138
Polyurethane scaffold formation via a combination of salt leaching and thermally induced phase separation, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2008,87A, 921-932
Z., Yingjun Wang, Gang Wu, Zhiwen Zheng, Qunfang Wang, Yang Liu. (2012) New method for coupling collagen on biodegradable polyurethane for biomedical application, journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012, vol.126, E353-E360
Preparation and morphology, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1999,44, 446-455

Materials and Methods Materials - Chitosan (Primex, ChitoClearâ, lot 2227 TM, Iceland), palmitic acid (Synth, Brazil).
MERWIN: International Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol. 182 (1999), p. 21
FRANCO: Packaging Technology Science Vol. 22 (2009), p. 161
SEPÚLVEDA: Journal of Material Science: Material Medical Vol. 19 (2008), p. 2397
KROCHTA: Journal of Food Science Vol. 58 (1993), p. 899

Zhang: Computational Materials Science Vol.39 (2007), p.635
Zhou: Materials Science and Technology Vol.21 (2005), p.880
Shi: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.61 (1996), p.302
Qi: Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology.
Qian: Materials Science and Technology, Vol.20 (2004), p.1479.

Fire Performances, Hot Properties and Decomposition Kinetics of Sb2O3/ DBDPE/RTV Juanjuan Wang1,a, Wenxing Li1,b Lajun Feng2,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineer, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China 2Baoji Beimafang Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Baoji, 721500, China ajuanwang@xaut.edu.cn, cfenglajun@xaut.edu.cn Keywords: Flame retardant property, Kinetics, DSC Abstract.
Chantal: European Polymer Journal , Vol.44 (2008) No.12, p.2130
Prescott: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.19 (2007) No.2, p.451
Prutzman: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.36 (2008) No.3, p.511
Zhuge: Silicate Material, Vol.1 (2010) No.1, p.19

So the poly(ester-imide)s have excellent electrical insulation, good physical and mechanical properties and chemical resistance, meanwhile, the poly(ester-imide)s have good thermal stability,so these polymers have been used in making heat resisting materials and been used in regions of machine or electron or aviation and so on [1-4].
Experimental Materials.Trimellitic anhydride,supplied by aladdin,was dried eight hours under vacuum condition at 150˚C.Aminobenzoic acid and 1,4-butanediol were used as received, toluene and N,Ndimethyl- formamide were reduced-pressure distillation, these chemical reagents were supplied by Chengdu ke long solvent plant.
S .Ni: New Chemical Materials Vol . 4 (1994) ,p. 6 (In Chinese) [2] J.
Hsiao: European Polymer Journal Vol. 42(2006) ,p.328 [10].
D.Z.Ma, P.P.Zhu: Journal of China University of Science and Technology Vol .19 (1989) ,p.16(In Chinese) [14]M.J.He, H.D.Zhang and W.X.Chen.Polymer Physics(Third Edition)edtied by Fu Dan uninvesity Publication (2007),p.148.