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The essence of rosin disproportionated reaction is oxidation-reduction reaction referred to the hydrogen transfer process between resin acid molecules, in which, some resin acids dehydrogenated while others hydrogenated.
The colored rosin material would be reduced in such reduction atmosphere, and the stability of product would be enhanced because the most of conjugated double bonds had been saturated after the disproportionation.
The modified DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-data system (GC-MS-DS) techniques were used to study the changes of resin acid composition during the catalytic hydrogenation [27], and it showed that there are seven dihydroabietic-type resin acids, five dihydropimaric/isopimaric-type resin acids and three tetrahydro resin acids in it.
It was also demonstrated that rosin in hybrid polymer functioned as a plasticizer to reduce glass transition temperature, which resulted in the reduction of strength and increase of elongation of polymer films.

Depending on the electrical distance related to impedance, type of grounding and connection of transformers between the faulted/load location and the node, there can be a temporary loss of voltage or temporary voltage reduction (sag) or voltage rise (swell) at different nodes of the system.
Voltage sag is a short time event during which a reduction in r.m.s voltage magnitude occurs.
Voltage sag is defined as a sudden reduction of supply voltage down 90% to 10% of nominal, followed by a recovery after a short period of time.
c2n=khk-2nc1k (6) d2n=kgk-2nc1k (7) POWER QUALITY PROBLEM CLASSIFICATION Statistical methods are suitable when a large amount of data from training of the classifiers is available.

A novel rib fixator from an Italian patent, [yy]: a) front view of the conceptual design in its installation; c) a prototype made of MG alloy in a test with pork ribs Referring to Fig. 5, the rib fixator (1) for osteosynthesis of fractured ribs is designed with a flat rectangular shape with two surfaces (2) for adhesion to the rib segments and a central part (3) with reduction of section to give a certain compliance with the bending necessary for the movement of the rib during the patient's breathing or coughing.
In Figure 5 a) and b) it is shown how the fixing plate (1) thanks to the reduction (3) of the central section, like a flexible joint, can flex assisting the movement of the rib during breathing and the patient's coughing while maintaining the connection of the two parts of the coast.
The shape of the plate can be designed with embodiments also with curvatures suitable for the costal segment on which it must be applied with an easy construction process that requires only a reduction of section in the central part of the plate.
[10] JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA

A spark piezoelectric crystal sensor KISTLER 6117BFD was set on the first cylinder in order to collect indicated pressure, and by cooperating with crank angle signal, COVimep and other combustion data can be easily acquired.
Over-retarded ignition timing would cause that only a small quantity of fuel combusted in the later compression stroke and majority combusted in the expansion stroke, thereby worsened the combustion-cylinder volume phasing, which would reduce the stability of combustion and led to the reduction of dynamic factor and brought larger cycle-by-cycle variation.
Secondly, according to Ref [14], combustion duration towards crank angle is almost independent of engine speed, while with reduction of engine speed, there would be more time for combustion period, which made the combustion process less reliable on burning velocity, therefore the air-fuel mixture could be further diluted.
With reduction of engine speed, L.C.L was extended when throttle opening was kept constant.

Thanks to this, it was possible to define the maximum rib height which is dependent on a rolling reduction.
Width and height of the oval band, as well as the relative reduction in a finishing groove, may be defined on the basis of known parameters of the rolling process, such as: rib height, b/h ratio, and initial height of the oval, as well as cross-sectional area of the pre-finished oval band.
The data given in Table 4 shows that the length of the rib pitch c deviates considerably from the pitch specified in the standard.

The compositions of the precursors deposited at different potentials and selenized at 530℃ potential Precursor Annealed Cu (%) Zn (%) Sn (%) Cu (%) Zn (%) Sn (%) Se (%) Cu/Zn+Sn Zn/Sn 1.20V 40.07 14.58 45.35 20.53 3.70 12.61 63.16 1.26 0.29 1.21V 42.98 16.81 40.21 19.67 13.43 11.40 55.50 0.79 1.18 1.22V 34.8 28.97 36.23 18.39 15.31 11.26 55.04 0.69 1.36 1.23V 36.3 29.31 34.39 15.55 17.46 9.44 57.55 0.58 1.85 1.24V 30.4 47.38 22.22 15.39 23.49 8.68 52.44 0.48 2.71 1.25V 25.46 53.64 20.9 14.27 21.00 7.88 56.86 0.49 2.66 From Table 1 it can be seen that as the potential was raised, the Zn contents in the precursors were increased rapidly, which was ascribed to the zinc ion having a more negative reduction potential than copper and tin.
The reduction potentials of copper, zinc and tin have been presented in Eq. 1 as follows: (1) After the Cu-Zn-Sn precursors were selenized at 530 ℃，the zinc and tin contents in the films were obviously decreased, which were consist with the result reported by P.M.P.
All the films display three main diffraction peaks which were corresponded to (112) (204) (312) planes according to the JCPDS data (CAS-52-0868).

In order to use this by-product and promote energy conservation, consumption reduction, low carbon and sustainable development, the Company and Henan Polytechnic Institute was jointly applied to Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology for Application Research of Limestone Powder in Building Materials as a new research topic in 2011-2012, focusing on the research on chemical components of limestone powder and its application in concrete and mortar as cement admixture, in order to promote the application of this technology in local market and surrounding Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province.
According to the data released by National Bureau of Statistics in the first half year of 2011, national cement output was 951 million tons in the first half year of 2011, increased by 19.6% over 2010, of which, that was 197.95 million tons in June, increased by 19.9% over 2010.
It can be seen in the table that the main component of limestone is CaCO3 with CaO content of 52.7%, satisfying its content greater than 50% as required above; and water demand ratio is 93%, indicating a high water-reduction effect.

The ingots were hot rolled after homogenization (1250°C) at 1200°C into bars and cold rolled with reduction of 70 % at each stage to a thickness of 0.6 mm.
Results of the process are shown in Fig.1.Short annealing (less than 10 minutes) at 600°C leads to the reduction of thin structure parameters, with the strongest changes occuring in grains with cubic orientation: ρv is reduced by factor of 2.
The electron microscopy data obtained on JEOL-7401F confirm these results: average composition of ϭ- phase is Fe-35%Cr-12%Co-3.5%Mo and α-phase chemical composition is Fe-28%Cr-16%Co-1.5%Mo.

I Overview of livable environment The “livable city” Research Group of the Chinese Urban Studies Society has summarized many positive and negative experiences both at home and abroad in the process of urbanization by drawing a lesson from the tortuous course of more than half a century of urban construction in China and absorbing many research data about the urbanization problems from the international society in recent years.
Livable environment In order to build livable environment, the TieXi district sets the development of recycling economy as the core goal, and makes great effort in the following aspects: strongly push forward energy saving and emission reduction, implement the protection and construction of water environment, air circumstance, and ecological environment and get rid of noisy environment, and promote the concept of ecological civilization among the whole society as well.
The Tiexi district focuses on the comprehensive improvement of ecological environment, vigorous promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, and integration management of energy, water resources and solid waste to create the livable type of resources and environment system.

However, no cytotoxicity effect risk assessment data are available for most fabricate and use metal composites.
Cyclic voltammetric (CV) experiment were conducted at room temperature with an electrochemical analyzer (CHI 6081D, USA) using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to investigate the oxidation/reduction of powder samples.
According to CV plots in Fig. 3, the fresh CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst exhibits more reversible redox ability than observed in aged CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst, showed reduction peak at 0.36 V can be respectively observed.