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Material Removal Rate Characteristics in Ultrasonic Aided Lapping of Engineering Ceramics Based on Single-Point Scratch Feng Jiao1,2,a, Bo Zhao 1,2,b, Chuanshao Liu2 and Xunsheng Zhu1 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan, China a jiaofeng@hpu.edu.cn; bzhaob@hpu.edu.cn Keywords: Material removal rate, Ultrasonic aided lapping, Single-point scratch, Engineering ceramics Abstract.
Introduction Engineering ceramics play an increasingly important role in the modern manufacturing industries because of their superior physical and mechanical properties [1].
Assuming that P is the normal load affecting the indentation on the material, the relationship between P and the feature size of indentation 2B can be expressed as [5] 2 P HBα= (1) where α is the geometry factor of the indenter and H is the Vickers-hardness of the material.
A critical load Pc for initiating a median crack is expressed as [6] 4 0 3 IC c K P H λ= (2) where λ0 is a dimensionless factor related to the indenter shape, KIC is the fracture toughness of the material and H is the Vickers-hardness of the material.

Liu et al., “Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of deep cryogenic treated Cu–Al–Si alloy fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process,” Mater.
Vafaei, “Influence of cryogenic thermal treatment on mechanical properties of an Al–Cu–Mg alloy,” Mater.
Liu et al., “Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of deep cryogenic treated Cu–Al–Si alloy fabricated by Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process,” Mater.
Vafaei, “Influence of cryogenic thermal treatment on mechanical properties of an Al–Cu–Mg alloy,” Mater.
He, “Effects of contact body temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy in contact solid solution treatment,” J.

Use of total flooding of high expansion foam extinguishing system for the underground garage fire, can effectively eliminate the fire smoke, reduce the fire damage and loss of property.
Don't have to be alone to wind up Specification when setting the mechanical smoke exhaust system should be set at the same time, air inlet system, and air volume of not less than 50% of the volume of smoke.
Water damage High expansion foam is a kind of mechanical air foam, commonly used foam extinguishing agent including YEGZ3A, YEGZ6A, YEDGO6 and YEGD3 four models.
Foam generator to generate the high expansion foam fire burn and later, due to their stability and other factors affecting the foam will damage phenomenon.
Foam breakage speed will directly affect the exhaust velocity effect.

Electron beam processing is one of the effective methods for modification of surface material properties.
The comparison of hydroxyl group (υ (-О-Н)) and carbonyl group (υ (-С=О)) transmission band intensity factors reveals that the sample PVA-4 treated by electron beam for 300 μs has the highest hydroxyl group absorption capacity.
These processes of restructuring led to the increase of mechanical properties and crystallinity of the material.
Chemical reaction and improvement of physicochemical properties have been established, that can significantly affect the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials.
Lau Effects of electron beam irradiation on mechanical properties and nanostructural–morphology of montmorillonite added polyvinyl alcohol composite, Composites: Part B 63 (2014) 141-153

The change law of the spatial structure under different factors Underground structure differs from upper structure as it’s surrounded by soil, with complicated force conditions that are related to many factors.
Such as, column space, column cap, boundary conditions, elastic-plastic calculation and working state and so on, are the common factors that affect structural internal force.
Except peacetime case, the other factors are assumed the same when discussing a certain one’s effect on structure.
Though it can be found in relative data or obtained by experiments, they come from experiments of simple sizes, without taking into account the effects of the above factors.
During the design of this oversize civil air defense project, there are many factors affecting the internal force distribution and the structural types are complicated and varied.

With a long-span prestressed concrete T-rigid frame bridge as studied object, based on the display analysis function of the LS-DYNA software, this paper represents the simulating process of the contact and collision between the drift-ice and T-rigid frame bridge pier, and the influence of various factors was analyzed, such as model boundary condition, contact types of river ice and pier, algorithm and element connection transition area.
Affected by a number of factors, the strength of river ice, the failure form of ice sheet, the speed and direction of wind, the flow rate and direction of water and ice sheet, as well as the forms of bridge pier and ice-breaking mass.
The ductile brittle transition is an important property of river ice, the river ice fails in ductile style at low strain rate, while is brittle at high strain rate.
The mechanical properties tests of river ice indicated, the ductile to brittle failure of demarcation point of strain rate of the river ice is from o.0476x10-3s-1 to 0.952x10-3s-1[8,9].
Experimental research on mechanical properties of river ice.

Study of Intelligent Evidence Management System Liu Feng1, a, Wu Xing1, b*, Pan Nan1, Zhou Jun1, Liu Yi2 1Faculty of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500 2Kunming Snlab Tech Co.
Introduction Facts of a case are proved by the physical evidence with its external characteristics and material properties [1] in the public security department.
(3)The strict authority management and real-time monitoring environmental factors are carried out in system construction in order to keep the data safe.
Physical evidence room is the vital place for keeping evidences and the quality of evidences is directly affected by its environment.
Compressor, blower, dehumidifier, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and other equipment are installed in the room to control environmental factors which satisfy the demands of evidences.

Achieving true Baroque sound requires overcoming significant materials science challenges, as it is known that the alloy composition and properties of the pipes strongly influences the organ sound [1].
In an extensive work [2], Plitnik determined the factors affecting the fundamental frequency f of the vibrating reed, showing that it is proportional to the reed thickness d and inverse length 1/L, as well as to the air pressure P, so that this dependence can be expressed by the empirical formula L dP kLPdf =),,( (1) where k is a dimensional constant (Hz atm -1), obtained experimentally.
Anyway, the large variations of k suggest that other factors should be considered, among which Plitnik himself proposed the curvature and the elastic properties of the brass reed.
Mechanical surface processing like grinding or filing are well known to have a deep impact on materials inducing further residual stresses.

Fig. 1 Grasshoppers morphology Fig. 2 The model of the Grasshoppers For the jumping robot, robot weight is one of the factors affecting the height and distance of each time of jumping.
To calculate this, they must know the information about the material properties after printing.
Experimental tests to sort out the tensile strength of ABS material were conducted in Static Mechanical Properties Testing Laboratory of Harbin Engineering University by using Universal Testing machine Zwick/Roell Z010 (Fig.7).
Before manufacturing the actual biomimetic structure, the material was tested for certain properties.
Wright, “Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS,” Rapid Prototyp.

This paper analyzes the errors of two methods to the material properties of a single-layer and a multilayer heavyweight building construction.
CTFs represent the material’s thermal response as determined by its material properties.
Through Laplace inverse transform of interior, cross and exterior transfer functions with unit triangle temperature, response factors and CTFs can be worked out.
Therefore, through the polynomial s-transfer functions, the response factors and CTFs of a multilayer slab are easily and accurately calculated.
For multi-layered slabs, not only material properties, but also layer arrangement influences the CTF calculations.