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Results show that the hard chromium deposits exhibited amorphous structure with thickness of 50-100µm and acceptable quality for functional coatings.
The crystallographic structure of deposits was investigated by XRD, with Ni filter and Cu Kα radiation.
Compared with (a), the deposit structure of (b) that plating 30 min is more compact.
Fig.3 EDS of hard chromium coatings of trivalent chromium Fig.4 XRD analysis of trivalent chromium coatings Chemistry of trivalent chromium bath in the process of plating .
It's convinced that a better understanding of the chemistry involved during chromium deposition is very useful to further study the trivalent chromium plating technology.

In the part of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, the surface chemistry of Y 3d3/2, 3d5/2 is investigated.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were carried out for investigation of surface chemistry of the Y2NiMnO6 ceramics.
The surface chemistry of the material was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (XPS Spectrum Lens Mode; Hybrid; Anode: Mono (Al; 150 W)).
The data can be divided into three groups, namely the cubic structure Y2O3 phase in JCPDS card no.41-1105, NiO phase in JCPDS card no.71-1179, and MnO2 phase in JCPDS card no.44-0141.
Smart, The defect structure of nickel oxide surfaces as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy, J.

Vrvić1,3,e 1 Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, 11001 Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, P.O.Box 473, Serbia 2 Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Djusina 7, Serbia 3 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O.Box 51, Serbia a vbeskoski@chem.bg.ac.rs, bppapic@rgf.bg.ac.rs, cv.dragisic@rgf.bg.ac.rs, d valigenije@yahoo.com, emmvchem@sezampro.rs Keywords: thionic bacteria, acid mine drainage, oxidation, toxic ions, pollution, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Abstract.
A direct consequence of biological/chemical oxidation processes is the in situ change of the surface morphology of a landfill, followed by a disruption in the structures of the minerals, which are oxidized with the generation of sulphuric acid and iron(III)ions.
Harrison, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK (1994) [3] M.
Vrvić, Doctorial Thesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, 1991 (in Serbian)
Thesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, 2006 (in Serbian) [8] M.

Controllable Synthesis of Silver Nanospheres with Uniform Size Yu-Xia Zhao 1, a, Cheng-Mei Liu 1, Li-Na Zhang1, Lu-Hai Li1, Yen Wei1,2,b * and Lu Han1,c * * 1 Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China 2 Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China a zhaoyuxia0525@126.com; b weiyen@tsinghua.edu.cn; c hanlu@iccas.ac.cn Keywords: Silver Nanospheres, Controllable Synthesis, Uniform Size Abstract.We reported a facile route to obtain silver nanospheres with uniform shape and narrow size distribution by polyol synthesis, in which ethylene glycol (EG) was used both as solvent and reductant and polymer polyvinglpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as capping agent.
Controlled Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanospheres†, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114(2010), 7427-7431
Rapid Synthesis of Silver Nanowires and Network Structures under Cuprous Oxide Nanospheres and Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 (2013), 13593-13601
An efficient way to prepare silver nanorods in high concentration by polyol method without adding other metal or salt, Materials Chemistry and Physics 134(2012), 686-694
PVP Protective Mechanism of Ultrafine Silver Powder Synthesized by Chemical Reduction Processes, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 121(1996), 105-110

The LiNi1-xCoxO2 was pre- pared by a soft chemistry route in which citric acid was used as the chelating agent to make the sol-gel precursor, then was calcined in oxygen atmosphere at the calcination temperature of 800°C for 12 h.
These disadvantages can be avoid- ed when the material is synthesized by soft chemistry route.
The high I (003) / I (104) ratio indicated that an ordered layered structure and electrochemically active contents existed in the compounds.
Therefore, Co-O band worked as a buffer against the local distortion of NiO octahedron and reduced the structure changes in the charge-discharge process.

The synthesis and crystal structure of a new 1-D Co(II) complex based on boronic acid ligand Shui-Dong Zhu1, a Xiao-Qi Lai1, b* and Ying-Bing Lu1,c* 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
The structure of 1 is composed of discrete 4,4'-bpy moleculars and 1-D chains originating from terminal ncpb ligands and μ-4,4'-bpy molecules.
The structure was solved by the direct method using the Siemens SHELXTLTM Version 5 package of crystallographic software.[15] The difference Fourier maps based on these atomic positions yield the other non-hydrogen atoms.
The structure was refined using a full-matrix least-squares refinement on F2.
GJJ10717 and 2009ZDG02800) and the Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Function of Materials Chemistry.

Evolution of porous structure and fatigue behavior of C/C composites Xiaoling Liao1,a� Wenfeng Xu1,b and Hejun Li2,c 1 Chemistry and Environment Science Department, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China 2 Laboratory of Superhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi ' an 710072, China a zxc_228@163.com, bxwf_228@163.com, clihejun@nwpu.edu.cn Keywords: C/C composites; porous structure; fatigue mechanisms Abstract: Porous structure is an important component in C/C composites, which directly affects the fatigue behavior of materials.
Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the evolution of porous structure in C/C composites under the fatigue loading.
In present work, the character of porous structure in original C/C composites was summarized and the evolution of porous structure after fatigue loading was analyzed.
Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the evolution of porous structure in C/C composites under the fatigue loading.
In present work, the character of porous structure in original C/C composites was summarized and the evolution of porous structure after fatigue loading was analyzed.

The DGEBA, PU, and BPH structures are shown in Figure 1.
Chemical structures of DGEBA, PU, and BPH.
It is considered that in the blend system that includes 10 phr of PU, more cure activation energies are required to constitute highly crosslinked network structures.
Yanaka: Epoxy Resins Chemistry and Technology (Marcel Dekker, New York 1998)
Frisch, Polyurethane Chemistry and Technology Chemistry (Wiley, New York 1962)

Some of the reactions that take place in solution and the solution chemistry have been presented elsewhere [9].
This finding suggests that the crystallization of HAp structure can be significantly promoted first at solution and then at intermediate solid stages.
The morphology of the hydroxyapatite crystals was rather independent of the temperature during the heat-treatment and always exhibited plate-like apatite structure with aspect ratio 10 to 20.
Elliot: Structure and Chemistry of the Apatites and Other Calcium Orthophosphates (Elsevier, London, 1994)
Clearfield: Metal-Phosphonate Chemistry Prog.

The array structure is also array in a more regular way.
This may have a certain relationship with the structure of the methyl orange.
Under acidic conditions, methyl orange is the structure of the quinoid.
However, under neutral or weak alkaline, it is aze structure.
Quinone-type structure breaks down easily under acidic conditions[7].