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Hence, for a given application, performance is defined by a number of electrical and optical but also by physical and chemical properties.
Grain boundary scattering and ionized impurity scattering are generally considered to be the two main interacting mechanisms in conductivity.
The bulk properties of TCMs such as conductivity and absorption depend on the crystallite grain size which increases with increasing film thickness.
Thus, compared to a pure undoped TCO, a larger number of electrons will participate to the circulation of the charges yielding to an increase in conduction by doping.
It was noted that for a temperature of 300°C the average grain size was about 10 to 25 nm, whereas it increases to reach 15 to 50 nm for higher temperatures.

Fe2+ Fe3+ Me2+ H+ O2, CO2 diffusion through micro-pores reaction with mineral grains on surface or within particle gas-liquid transfer solution phase solid phase gas phase Fe2+ Fe3+ Me2+ H+ O2, CO2 diffusion through micro-pores reaction with mineral grains on surface or within particle gas-liquid transfer solution phase solid phase gas phase Fig.1: Illustration of the key reaction and transport processes in bioleaching Gas-liquid mass transfer.
In its most universal form [6]: φ MeS )X1()d(αr −⋅∝ (9) where X represents the fractional conversion of the mineral, α(d) is a particle parameter incorporating size d as well as nature of the mineral grain, and φ a semi-empirical factor that describes the progression of leaching.
The stoichiometric coefficients νi,j refer to the number of moles of each species i consumed or produced in reaction j as written, with the value being positive for reaction products and negative for reagents.
While the fundamental rate processes and balances discussed so far apply to either category, there are a number of aspects to be accounted for in each specific case.
This approach has been successfully employed to model a number of heap leach scenarios in experimental columns and also crib tests [10, 11, 12].

In 2015, for example, there was an approximately 40 % increase in the number of wooden houses built [2].
Each project needs to take a number of parameters into consideration which influence both the overall lifetime and the costs of the façade maintenance throughout its use.
General material properties of façade planks from Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) [13] Material Properties Mean Value Tensile strength perpendicular to the grain 1.5 N/mm2 Tensile strength parallel to the grain 12.0 N/mm2 Shear strength 10.0 – 12.0 N/mm2 Table 3.
All the tested objects were labelled with a reference number.
However, the direction of the wood grain has to be considered as well, see results for façade planks, since the expansion in two tested direction of wood fibres is diametrically different as well as would be the size of the cladding board.

The calculated average grain size from the XRD curves varies from 15~30nm.
Figure 2a and b show the dependence of the grain size and surface roughness as a function of film thickness.
The streaming velocity strongly depends on the design of the SAW resonator; SAW devices with a large number of fingers produce high streaming velocity since more electrical energy is converted into acoustic energy.
(b) The total distance moved for a 0.5µl droplet as a function of pulse number for an RF signal of 40 V and a pulse width of 100ms.18 A pulsed RF signal can be used to control the droplet motion in a precise manner and controlled distance for lab-on-a-chip applications, and can also be utilised to suppress the acoustic heating.18,22 Figure 5b shows the dependence of the moving distance of a 0.5µl droplet as a function of the number of pulses applied.
The total distance moved increased linearly with the number of pulses applied.

Cell numbers were determined via a standard curve.
In order to confirm that cytotoxicity was not the reason for the reduced number of cells observed on the coatings, a test of the total number of dead cells in each well was determined.
The control coverslips also showed a number of dead cells over time, however to demonstrate the coating effect on cell death, the cell numbers have been compared to that of the control (Fig. 5).
Dead cell number compared to the control at time intervals 3 hours, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days Std dev.
Figure 6. cell number after 7 days, Figure 7.

As shown in the figures, Numbers of bainitic ferrite lathes and fraction of retained austenite films are greatly reduced with increasing holding time from 20 min up to 240 min.
Figure 3 demonstrates the change of Vickers hardness number (HV20) of TBF steel austempered at different high temperatures for 20 min and up to 240 min.
The decrease of hardness at each austempering time can be attributed to the reduced numbers of bainitic ferrite lathes due to the morphology change of bainitic ferrite (BF).
This is due to the formation of a larger amount of ferrite soft phase (see figures) upon the decomposition of retained austenite grains into ferrite and carbides.
De Cooman: Austenite stability of ultrafine-grained transformation-induced plasticity steel with Mn partitioning, S.

The value of λ is related with soil properties, such as porosity, grain size, grain shape and specific surface of soil et al, and the position of water filter locating on the probe.
U (%) U (%) lg t (s) lg t (s) Fig 1 ~lg t curves of the first dissipating Fig 2 ~lg t curves of the second dissipating process measuring by mini-transducers process measuring by mini-transducers On CPTU model test, the number of the pore pressure mini- transducers is 13#, 11#, 18#, 20#, 12# and 17#.
The number of sample is 16, and the detail of sampling style is as follow: all soil sample have been sampled by 4 layers, on each layer there are 4 soil samples; in each one layer, 2 soil samples have been sampled by horizontal sampling style which have been used to test the vertical permeability coefficient, and 2 soil samples have been sampled by vertical sampling style which have been used to test horizontal permeability coefficient.
Table 6 Computing value of permeability coefficient on indoor test number sampling direction distance from the top of groove (cm) Kv (×10-7cm/s) number sampling direction distance from the top of groove (cm) Kh (×10-7cm/s) 1-1 horizontal 30 1.43 1-3 vertical 35 2.66 1-2 horizontal 30 1.81 1-4 vertical 35 2.30 2-1 horizontal 60 2.51 2-3 vertical 67 2.46 2-2 horizontal 60 1.65 2-4 vertical 67 3.31 3-1 horizontal 100 1.85 3-3 vertical 105 2.28 3-2 horizontal 100 1.79 3-4 vertical 105 2.53 4-1 horizontal 130 1.15 4-3 vertical 135 3.40 4-2 horizontal 130 1.39 4-4 vertical 135 3.17 average value of Kv 1.70 average value of Kh 2.76 Comparisons with the computing value of two test methods.
Acknowledgement This paper is supported jointly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (the approval number is 40172090 and 50809035), and the direct fund and the open fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area (China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education (the approval number is 2008ZRJ06 and 2008KDZ02).

The Cyclomatic Complexity is the number of linearly independent paths, which is generally defined by program control flow diagram as M = E - N + 2P.
Here, E represents the number of edges, N represents the number of nodes, P represents the number of connected components.
SDFuzz monitors and extracts the information from the target software process while keeps fine-grained dynamic taint analysis in mind.
SDFuzz realizes fine-grained taint analysis by marking taint source and propagating tainted data at byte level.
M3u buffer overflow vulnerability, which has EDB-ID number: 30336 in EDB database.

The type of substrates will be indicated as the prefix and the number for spray passes will be indicated as a suffix.
It decreased marginally when the number of spray passes was increased from 50 to 80 passes.
coating still remained as high as 70° even increasing the number spray passes.
It has a dense coating of round grains.
SEM observation reveals rod-like, round grains and smooth surface for An, AmH and Am coating.

The value does not only depend on effective porosity, but also controlled by grain’s size, shape, sorting, and consolidation degree [1].
These samples covers varies lithology, including sandstones with grain size from 10mm to less than 0.1mm, and volcanic rocks of tuff, andesite, granophyre, basalt, trachyte, and rhyolite.
The following formula is used to calculate the total entropy of attribute A: , (3) where N is the total number of samples, Nij is the number of samples in group j which also belongs to class i.
The number of layers and the number of neurons in each layer depend on the complexity of the problem and designer's experience.
The number of hidden layers selected by the GA is 5, and the average neurons in each layer is approximate 30.