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Online since: January 2011
Authors: Qian Fu, Xiao Yun Liu, Qi Xin Zhuang, Jun Qian, Zhe Wen Han
The chemical structure of PBO molecular was shown in scheme 1.
Scheme 1:The chemical structure of PBO On the late 2001, Toyobo published some disconcerting results regarding the susceptibility of PBO fibers to degradation when exposed to relatively mild conditions and sunlight[4-5].
This indicates that the real chemical structure of PBO may include a few un-closed ring structure (as shown in scheme 2) and absorption peaks in 1614 and 1649 are attributed to the benzobisoxazole and un-closed benzobisoxazole ring (amide linkage group) respectively.
Scheme 2 The real chemical structure of PBO FTIR analysis of photolysis of PBO Based on the real chemical structure of PBO(scheme 2), all FTIR spectra of PBO film photolyzed for different times were baseline corrected and the region of 1600-1800cm-1 was decomposed into several peaks.
The TiO2 was created using sol–gel chemistry.
Scheme 1:The chemical structure of PBO On the late 2001, Toyobo published some disconcerting results regarding the susceptibility of PBO fibers to degradation when exposed to relatively mild conditions and sunlight[4-5].
This indicates that the real chemical structure of PBO may include a few un-closed ring structure (as shown in scheme 2) and absorption peaks in 1614 and 1649 are attributed to the benzobisoxazole and un-closed benzobisoxazole ring (amide linkage group) respectively.
Scheme 2 The real chemical structure of PBO FTIR analysis of photolysis of PBO Based on the real chemical structure of PBO(scheme 2), all FTIR spectra of PBO film photolyzed for different times were baseline corrected and the region of 1600-1800cm-1 was decomposed into several peaks.
The TiO2 was created using sol–gel chemistry.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Maria Balasoiu, S.V. Stolyar, R.S. Iskhakov, G.M. Arzumanian, Yu.L. Raikher, A.V. Rogachev, T.S. Kurkin, A.I. Kuklin, L. Anghel, L.A. Ishchenko
For an ensemble of structurally homogenous, randomly oriented particles, the intensity of scattered radiation can be expressed as:
(1)
In Eq. (1), N is the number of particles per unit volume; Δρ̅ is the contrast, which reflects the difference between the electronic density of the scattering components; and V is the volume of each particles; P(q), the form factor; and S(q), the structure factor.
In SAXS, is used to describe the spatial distribution of the electrons within the macromolecular structure, and is a useful tool for visibly detecting conformational changes within an ensemble of macromolecules.
This software performs an ab initio reconstruction of molecular structure by a chain-like ensemble of dummy residues [15].
As any other method that generates 3D structures from the 1D scattering data, the resulting pattern is not unique and might be optimized with supplementary experimental data.
Thus, in order to obtain more precise information about the characteristic structure of ferrihydrite, further investigations by SAXS experiments at higher angles are necessary.
In SAXS, is used to describe the spatial distribution of the electrons within the macromolecular structure, and is a useful tool for visibly detecting conformational changes within an ensemble of macromolecules.
This software performs an ab initio reconstruction of molecular structure by a chain-like ensemble of dummy residues [15].
As any other method that generates 3D structures from the 1D scattering data, the resulting pattern is not unique and might be optimized with supplementary experimental data.
Thus, in order to obtain more precise information about the characteristic structure of ferrihydrite, further investigations by SAXS experiments at higher angles are necessary.
Online since: December 2006
Authors: Chang Ho Lee, Wang Kee Min, Sung Doo Hwang, Young Do Park, Yong Ho Park, Ik Min Park
Therefore, it is need to find the process which can produce fine
grained and highly oriented structure without loss of mechanical properties.
The use of MA-PDS process allows to gain the fine grained structure and improve the mechanical property of elements.
The extrusion process was also applied in order to achieve highly orientated structure along the extrusion direction.
It means that more preferred and oriented polycrystalline structure could improve the thermoelectric properties.
Funahashi, Journal of Solid State chemistry, 178, 2186-2190 (2005) [13] F.K.
The use of MA-PDS process allows to gain the fine grained structure and improve the mechanical property of elements.
The extrusion process was also applied in order to achieve highly orientated structure along the extrusion direction.
It means that more preferred and oriented polycrystalline structure could improve the thermoelectric properties.
Funahashi, Journal of Solid State chemistry, 178, 2186-2190 (2005) [13] F.K.
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Dmitry V. Morozov, Timur Dudchenko, Ivan A. Shibaev, Ilya A. Pavlov
The analysis shows that the shungite structure is formed by clusters of carbon and silicon dioxide, including small particles of pyrite (FeS2), iron oxide and aluminum oxide.
Lunin, From Stable Aqueous Dispersion of Carbon Nanoparticles to the Clusters of Metastable Shungite Carbon, Glass Physics and Chemistry. 37 (2011) 613-618
Yablokov Paramagnetic resonance of shungite - a natural nano-structured carbonaceous material.
Yermolin, Fullerene-like structures in shungite and their physical properties, Molecular Materials. 4, (1994) 77-80
Laser-Ultrasonic Testing of the Structure and Properties of Concrete and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics, Key Engineering Materials. 722, (2017) 267-272
Lunin, From Stable Aqueous Dispersion of Carbon Nanoparticles to the Clusters of Metastable Shungite Carbon, Glass Physics and Chemistry. 37 (2011) 613-618
Yablokov Paramagnetic resonance of shungite - a natural nano-structured carbonaceous material.
Yermolin, Fullerene-like structures in shungite and their physical properties, Molecular Materials. 4, (1994) 77-80
Laser-Ultrasonic Testing of the Structure and Properties of Concrete and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics, Key Engineering Materials. 722, (2017) 267-272
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Nian Feng Han, Xin De Tang, Long Cheng Gao
Their characteristic microphase
separation structures have received significant attention for their potential applications in drug
delivery systems [1], photonic crystals [2], and as templates for other periodic structures ranging from
nanometers to micrometers in size [3].
It has been found that the LC property depends on various factors such as the molecular structure of azobenzene moiety, the spacer length, and the molecular weight, of which the molecular structure of azobenzene moiety, especially the terminal substituent of azobenzene, plays an important role.
Representative structure of ABA triblock copolymers.
Smectic and nematic phases were usually observed in azobenzene-containing polymers with similar composition and structure in previous reports [8].
This is in agreement with the evidence of nematic phase. 2D-WAXD experiments were carried out to further distinguish the mesophase structures of the copolymers.
It has been found that the LC property depends on various factors such as the molecular structure of azobenzene moiety, the spacer length, and the molecular weight, of which the molecular structure of azobenzene moiety, especially the terminal substituent of azobenzene, plays an important role.
Representative structure of ABA triblock copolymers.
Smectic and nematic phases were usually observed in azobenzene-containing polymers with similar composition and structure in previous reports [8].
This is in agreement with the evidence of nematic phase. 2D-WAXD experiments were carried out to further distinguish the mesophase structures of the copolymers.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Iulia Clitan, Mihaela Ligia Ungureşan, Mihail Abrudean, Vlad Mureşan, Tiberiu Coloşi, Zoltan Kovendi
The design of the automatic control structure of the 13C isotope concentration is based on the Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy.
The implementation details of all the elements from the structure of the proposed control system, in MATLAB/SIMULINK, are presented.
Also, some relevant simulations of the automatic control structure are presented.
The control structure proposed for the control of 13C concentration presented in Fig. 2 is a structure based on the IMC (Internal Model Control) strategy [5].
The actuator A is implemented in the structure used in simulation, according to Fig. 4.
The implementation details of all the elements from the structure of the proposed control system, in MATLAB/SIMULINK, are presented.
Also, some relevant simulations of the automatic control structure are presented.
The control structure proposed for the control of 13C concentration presented in Fig. 2 is a structure based on the IMC (Internal Model Control) strategy [5].
The actuator A is implemented in the structure used in simulation, according to Fig. 4.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Jin Xing Lai, Xiao Wei Liu, Guang Long Zhang
Limiting structure of the tunnel was detected with circumscription apparatus.
Stability of surrounding rock and the state of forces of the lining structure were analyzed before and after treatment.
The stress condition of lining structure improves greatly after tunnel treatment, and in the section of K+230: for process I, the lateral stress, vertical normal stress and shear stress of lining structure respectively reduce for 32%, 15% and 27%; for process II, the lateral stress, vertical normal stress and shear stress of lining structure respectively reduce for 40%, 15% and 36%.
The shear stress inside lining structure reduces after treatment of this scheme, the whole tunnel lining is in pressure state fully performing the compressive property of concrete; the lining structure turns into an enclosed ensemble by setting inverted arch and the stress of lining structure improves greatly.
Using short- and long-term transients in seepage discharge and chemistry in a mountain tunnel to quantify fracture and matrix water fluxes[J],Journal of Hydrology,2000, 23(4) : pp142-161 [3]Wang Tiemeng,Crack Control in Engineering Structure[M].Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press,2002 [4]Zhang Changwei,Analysis of secondary lining cracks in twin arch tunnels[J],West-China Exploration Engineering,2002,14(5):pp93-94 [5]Kitagava T, Iida H, TadenumaY,et al.
Stability of surrounding rock and the state of forces of the lining structure were analyzed before and after treatment.
The stress condition of lining structure improves greatly after tunnel treatment, and in the section of K+230: for process I, the lateral stress, vertical normal stress and shear stress of lining structure respectively reduce for 32%, 15% and 27%; for process II, the lateral stress, vertical normal stress and shear stress of lining structure respectively reduce for 40%, 15% and 36%.
The shear stress inside lining structure reduces after treatment of this scheme, the whole tunnel lining is in pressure state fully performing the compressive property of concrete; the lining structure turns into an enclosed ensemble by setting inverted arch and the stress of lining structure improves greatly.
Using short- and long-term transients in seepage discharge and chemistry in a mountain tunnel to quantify fracture and matrix water fluxes[J],Journal of Hydrology,2000, 23(4) : pp142-161 [3]Wang Tiemeng,Crack Control in Engineering Structure[M].Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press,2002 [4]Zhang Changwei,Analysis of secondary lining cracks in twin arch tunnels[J],West-China Exploration Engineering,2002,14(5):pp93-94 [5]Kitagava T, Iida H, TadenumaY,et al.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Shu Liang Liu, Yun-Ze Long, Guang Hui Sun, Yuan Yuan Huang, Bin Sun, Hong Di Zhang
Fabrication and formation mechanism of electrospun spatially defined fibrous patterning structures on conductive and insulating substrates
Shu-Liang Liua, Guang-Hui Suna, Yuan-Yuan Huanga, Bin Suna,b, Hong-Di Zhanga,c, and Yun-Ze Longa,c,d,*
aCollege of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.
China bCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.
However, there is little attention on the influence of a non-conductive collector to generate such patterning electrospun structures.
Once an insulating nylon fabric (Fig. 2a) was introduced on the surface of an Al foil as collector during electrospinning, it is interesting to find that spatially defined microfibrous structures could also be fabricated.
Our experiment and analysis on the formation mechanism of these spatially defined architectures may have some contribution on easy generation of fibrous patterning structures applicable in some fields like tissue engineering, cell adhesion, proliferation and migration.
China bCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.
However, there is little attention on the influence of a non-conductive collector to generate such patterning electrospun structures.
Once an insulating nylon fabric (Fig. 2a) was introduced on the surface of an Al foil as collector during electrospinning, it is interesting to find that spatially defined microfibrous structures could also be fabricated.
Our experiment and analysis on the formation mechanism of these spatially defined architectures may have some contribution on easy generation of fibrous patterning structures applicable in some fields like tissue engineering, cell adhesion, proliferation and migration.
Online since: June 2019
Authors: Xi Jin Fu
Theoretical Model and Calculation Method
The experiment shows that solid Ar is a face-centered cubic crystal structure (fcc structure).
These terms are calculated at CCSD(T) level by using Gamess quantum chemistry package [19].
X-ray diffraction experiment shows that solid Ar is a face-centered cubic crystal structure.
Structure and compression of crystalline argon and neon at high pressure and room temperature [J].
The argon constraints on mantle structure [J].
These terms are calculated at CCSD(T) level by using Gamess quantum chemistry package [19].
X-ray diffraction experiment shows that solid Ar is a face-centered cubic crystal structure.
Structure and compression of crystalline argon and neon at high pressure and room temperature [J].
The argon constraints on mantle structure [J].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xin Min Hao, Xin Yu Cui, Jian Min Gao, Jin Ju Sun, Tian Ma, Yuan Yang
Due to its pore structure characteristics, microporou activated carbon can be used for adsorption of chemical warfare agents.
Simultaneously, the shape and structure of the micropore are analyzed by using FE-SEM.
The ratio of KOH to carbon is considered as the most important factor to affect the structure property of activated carbons.
Fig.4 FE-SEM images of activated carbons samples A,B,C Conclusions Hemp stem as a crop straw with natural microporou structure, can be activated by KOH, and then prepared to be Hemp stem-based activated carbon which inherits the microporous structure from the precursor.
Environmental Chemistry, Vol.1(2013),p.106-111.In Chinese [7] F.T.CHEN, S.M.LI, H.M.ZENG.
Simultaneously, the shape and structure of the micropore are analyzed by using FE-SEM.
The ratio of KOH to carbon is considered as the most important factor to affect the structure property of activated carbons.
Fig.4 FE-SEM images of activated carbons samples A,B,C Conclusions Hemp stem as a crop straw with natural microporou structure, can be activated by KOH, and then prepared to be Hemp stem-based activated carbon which inherits the microporous structure from the precursor.
Environmental Chemistry, Vol.1(2013),p.106-111.In Chinese [7] F.T.CHEN, S.M.LI, H.M.ZENG.