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The results indicate that the vertical soil pressure on trench culvert is not always lower than the theoretical calculation value instead, it is related to and varies in nonlinear manner with a number of elements including filling height, width and slope of trench, dimensions of culvert, physical properties of backfill material, and stiffness of foundation, etc.
Foreword Load on culverts under high-fills is normally relevant to a number of elements especially the height of fill and the volume weight of backfill material.
Effects of cyclic freezing and thawing on volume changes and permeabilities of soft fine-grained soils[J].

SEM photographs show that all films consist of nanocrystalline grains with sizes in the range of 6 - 13 nm.
Introduction Hafnium oxide (HfO2) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) thin films have attracted great interest, because of their large number of potential applications in optical coatings and microelectronics.
The sizes of the nanocrystalline particles are in the range of 6 to 13 nm, when the number of layers and the temperature were increased, the particle size was increased.

Introduction Because of the large numbers of excellent properties such as low density, high specific strength, high heat conductivity, good damping capacity and machinability, magnesium (Mg) alloy is widely used in the areas of aircrafts, 3C products, national defense, and automobiles and so on[1-2].
It has been found that there are lots of spheroidal, shot rod-like, banding and net structure phases in the matrix and along the grain boundary, and the morphologies of second phases are changed from diversity to unity of net structure with the decrease ratio of Zn/Y.
Acknowledgements Thanks for “The General Program of Liaoning Province Committee of Education (program number: L2012035)” and the 12th Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Program (program number: 2100BAE22B01) for funding supporting the experiment.

Since pure Si3N4 can not be sintered without sintering additive because of the chemical bonds between silicon and nitrogen, a number of studies had been carried out to get an appropriate sintering additive to attain compact sample at a low sintering temperature [3].
Both two samples were the composite of Si2N2O as the main phase, which was identified with JCPDS number of 751539 for rhombic phase, with little SiO2 and MgAl2O4.
It was believed that the reaction was only occurred in the early stage of annealing, and the Si2N2O grain growth rate was relative high because of the fast diffusion of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the liquid phase [5].
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 were SEM photos of sample A and sample B sintered at 1490°C, which showed a number of pores in the fracture layers.

Aluminium dross showed phase of Ca12Al14O33 and TiO2, which corresponding with JCPDS number 48-1882 and 23-1446 respectively.
It was found that the XRD patterns revealed mainly phase was calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (JCPDS number 72-0156) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) (JCPDS number 75-2192) all samples.
Because of adding the aluminium dross tendency cause total porosity and many undersized grains distributed on the inner pore surface.

By analysing a large number of soil physical parameters experimental data, the paper gives empirical value to estimate the compaction coefficient and water content base on the quality of the sample or D-value of the quality.
Increase compaction function can effectively overcome the resistance between the soil grain.
To guide field construction and improve the effect of compaction, a large number of on-site backfill soil physical parameters trials are necessary.

As the head and tail part of strip coiling in higher temperature, growth of ferrite grain and diffusion of carbide become easier, solution strengthening weakens.
In this study, coiling temperature, finish rolling temperature and running speed of ZSAC1 strip and number of valves which had been turned on were analyzed.
Process automation system calculates the number of valves which need to be turned on and can modify computational accuracy of model constantly according to the measured coiling temperature.
Numbers of valves turned on for strip No.3 are shown in Table 3.
As shown in Table 3, numbers of valves turned on decreased when the tail part of strip No.3 entered into laminar cooling device.

Secondly, employ empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to the reconstructed signal to obtain a certain number of stationary intrinsic mode functions (IMF).
Statistics show that misalignment faults account for nearly 60% of the total faults number.
An IMF is a function that satisfies two conditions: one is that the number of extreme and the number of zero crossings must either be equal or differ at most by one during the whole dataset; the other is that, at any instant, the mean value of the envelop defined by local minima is zero.
A complex signal can be decomposed into a number of IMFs and a residue.
Jamieson, On the Scalability of 2-D Wavelet Transform Algorithms on Fine-grained Parallel Machines, International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2(1996)24-28

Relative number of the under-coordinated atoms those lies at the surface provides a tool to tune the properties of a nanosolids.
The nano magnetic particles have special properties as compared to bulk because of the large volume fraction that atoms occupy at the grain boundary area with decrease of particle size [8].
Drift mobility (µd) of all the samples has been calculated using the relation, µd =1/neρ (4) Where e is the charge of electron, ρ the electrical resistivity at a particular temperature and n is the concentration of charge carrier, which can be calculated from the relation, n = Na ρm PFe/M (5) where M is the molecular weight, Na the Avogadro's number, ρm the measured density of sample and PFe is the number of iron atom in the chemical formula of the ferrites.
XRD patterns of Co1-xMnxFe2O4 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) The peaks corresponding to * belongs to Fe2O3 phase The XRD patterns were indexed using the JCPDS card numbers 22-1086 and 74-2403.
Further, as the frequency of the externally applied electric field increases gradually, and though the same number of ferrous ions is present in the ferrite material, the dielectric constant decreases.

There are a number of patents that claim to have coating processes for magnesium and its alloys.
There are a number of factors to be considered when developing a coating process for an industrial application.
There are a large number of coating technologies available for protecting magnesium and its alloys.
The Mg17Al12 particles are distributed at boundaries of small, cored grains of α matrix.
In both the acidic and the alkaline baths investigated, uniform and fine grained copper immersion coatings were achieved. 3.