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Online since: March 2007
Authors: Piotr Szota, Henryk Dyja
Thanks to this, it was possible to define the
maximum rib height which is dependent on a rolling reduction.
Width and height of the oval band, as well as the relative reduction in a finishing groove, may be defined on the basis of known parameters of the rolling process, such as: rib height, b/h ratio, and initial height of the oval, as well as cross-sectional area of the pre-finished oval band.
The data given in Table 4 shows that the length of the rib pitch c deviates considerably from the pitch specified in the standard.
Width and height of the oval band, as well as the relative reduction in a finishing groove, may be defined on the basis of known parameters of the rolling process, such as: rib height, b/h ratio, and initial height of the oval, as well as cross-sectional area of the pre-finished oval band.
The data given in Table 4 shows that the length of the rib pitch c deviates considerably from the pitch specified in the standard.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Ji Li, Zhong Wei Zhang, Yang Ou, Wei Feng Liu, Guo Shun Jiang, Chang Fei Zhu
The compositions of the precursors deposited at different
potentials and selenized at 530℃
potential
Precursor
Annealed
Cu (%)
Zn (%)
Sn (%)
Cu (%)
Zn (%)
Sn (%)
Se (%)
Cu/Zn+Sn
Zn/Sn
1.20V
40.07
14.58
45.35
20.53
3.70
12.61
63.16
1.26
0.29
1.21V
42.98
16.81
40.21
19.67
13.43
11.40
55.50
0.79
1.18
1.22V
34.8
28.97
36.23
18.39
15.31
11.26
55.04
0.69
1.36
1.23V
36.3
29.31
34.39
15.55
17.46
9.44
57.55
0.58
1.85
1.24V
30.4
47.38
22.22
15.39
23.49
8.68
52.44
0.48
2.71
1.25V
25.46
53.64
20.9
14.27
21.00
7.88
56.86
0.49
2.66
From Table 1 it can be seen that as the potential was raised, the Zn contents in the precursors were increased rapidly, which was ascribed to the zinc ion having a more negative reduction potential than copper and tin.
The reduction potentials of copper, zinc and tin have been presented in Eq. 1 as follows: (1) After the Cu-Zn-Sn precursors were selenized at 530 ℃,the zinc and tin contents in the films were obviously decreased, which were consist with the result reported by P.M.P.
All the films display three main diffraction peaks which were corresponded to (112) (204) (312) planes according to the JCPDS data (CAS-52-0868).
The reduction potentials of copper, zinc and tin have been presented in Eq. 1 as follows: (1) After the Cu-Zn-Sn precursors were selenized at 530 ℃,the zinc and tin contents in the films were obviously decreased, which were consist with the result reported by P.M.P.
All the films display three main diffraction peaks which were corresponded to (112) (204) (312) planes according to the JCPDS data (CAS-52-0868).
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Gui Yun Feng, Rong Rong Sun
In order to use this by-product and promote energy conservation, consumption reduction, low carbon and sustainable development, the Company and Henan Polytechnic Institute was jointly applied to Henan Provincial Department of Science and Technology for Application Research of Limestone Powder in Building Materials as a new research topic in 2011-2012, focusing on the research on chemical components of limestone powder and its application in concrete and mortar as cement admixture, in order to promote the application of this technology in local market and surrounding Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province.
According to the data released by National Bureau of Statistics in the first half year of 2011, national cement output was 951 million tons in the first half year of 2011, increased by 19.6% over 2010, of which, that was 197.95 million tons in June, increased by 19.9% over 2010.
It can be seen in the table that the main component of limestone is CaCO3 with CaO content of 52.7%, satisfying its content greater than 50% as required above; and water demand ratio is 93%, indicating a high water-reduction effect.
According to the data released by National Bureau of Statistics in the first half year of 2011, national cement output was 951 million tons in the first half year of 2011, increased by 19.6% over 2010, of which, that was 197.95 million tons in June, increased by 19.9% over 2010.
It can be seen in the table that the main component of limestone is CaCO3 with CaO content of 52.7%, satisfying its content greater than 50% as required above; and water demand ratio is 93%, indicating a high water-reduction effect.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Raisa Malinina, Olga Ushakova
The ingots were hot rolled after homogenization (1250°C) at 1200°C into bars and cold rolled with reduction of 70 % at each stage to a thickness of 0.6 mm.
Results of the process are shown in Fig.1.Short annealing (less than 10 minutes) at 600°C leads to the reduction of thin structure parameters, with the strongest changes occuring in grains with cubic orientation: ρv is reduced by factor of 2.
The electron microscopy data obtained on JEOL-7401F confirm these results: average composition of ϭ- phase is Fe-35%Cr-12%Co-3.5%Mo and α-phase chemical composition is Fe-28%Cr-16%Co-1.5%Mo.
Results of the process are shown in Fig.1.Short annealing (less than 10 minutes) at 600°C leads to the reduction of thin structure parameters, with the strongest changes occuring in grains with cubic orientation: ρv is reduced by factor of 2.
The electron microscopy data obtained on JEOL-7401F confirm these results: average composition of ϭ- phase is Fe-35%Cr-12%Co-3.5%Mo and α-phase chemical composition is Fe-28%Cr-16%Co-1.5%Mo.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Jia Li Fan, Wei Chen
I Overview of livable environment
The “livable city” Research Group of the Chinese Urban Studies Society has summarized many positive and negative experiences both at home and abroad in the process of urbanization by drawing a lesson from the tortuous course of more than half a century of urban construction in China and absorbing many research data about the urbanization problems from the international society in recent years.
Livable environment In order to build livable environment, the TieXi district sets the development of recycling economy as the core goal, and makes great effort in the following aspects: strongly push forward energy saving and emission reduction, implement the protection and construction of water environment, air circumstance, and ecological environment and get rid of noisy environment, and promote the concept of ecological civilization among the whole society as well.
The Tiexi district focuses on the comprehensive improvement of ecological environment, vigorous promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, and integration management of energy, water resources and solid waste to create the livable type of resources and environment system.
Livable environment In order to build livable environment, the TieXi district sets the development of recycling economy as the core goal, and makes great effort in the following aspects: strongly push forward energy saving and emission reduction, implement the protection and construction of water environment, air circumstance, and ecological environment and get rid of noisy environment, and promote the concept of ecological civilization among the whole society as well.
The Tiexi district focuses on the comprehensive improvement of ecological environment, vigorous promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, and integration management of energy, water resources and solid waste to create the livable type of resources and environment system.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Chang Mao Hung
However, no cytotoxicity effect risk assessment data are available for most fabricate and use metal composites.
Cyclic voltammetric (CV) experiment were conducted at room temperature with an electrochemical analyzer (CHI 6081D, USA) using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to investigate the oxidation/reduction of powder samples.
According to CV plots in Fig. 3, the fresh CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst exhibits more reversible redox ability than observed in aged CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst, showed reduction peak at 0.36 V can be respectively observed.
Cyclic voltammetric (CV) experiment were conducted at room temperature with an electrochemical analyzer (CHI 6081D, USA) using a three-electrode electrochemical cell to investigate the oxidation/reduction of powder samples.
According to CV plots in Fig. 3, the fresh CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst exhibits more reversible redox ability than observed in aged CuO/La2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst, showed reduction peak at 0.36 V can be respectively observed.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Liang Wang
According to the survey data, lush trees can block 50% ~ 90% of the solar radiation heat.
For the south windows, the choice of suitable varieties or layers of glass and take effective measures to reduce energy consumption, under the premise may be appropriate to increase the window size, to take full advantage of solar radiant heat in winter; the other window in meeting room’s indoor lighting, ventilation, based on the appropriate reduction in window size, reduce energy consumption, The Area ratio of window to wall should meet the national norms requirements: "North 0.25, east/west 0.3".
Slope roof ventilation window before and after the set, closed in winter, so that the lower part of the roof space to form a closed insulation space, open in summer, so that the internal hot air under the action of the natural wind flow to the outdoor discharge, a heat insulation space Paying much attention to the thermal insulation of balcony, reducing the northwest wind in winter for indoor direct penetration, and make the appropriate reduction in overhang length, so as not to affect households in the winter sunshine the next block.
For the south windows, the choice of suitable varieties or layers of glass and take effective measures to reduce energy consumption, under the premise may be appropriate to increase the window size, to take full advantage of solar radiant heat in winter; the other window in meeting room’s indoor lighting, ventilation, based on the appropriate reduction in window size, reduce energy consumption, The Area ratio of window to wall should meet the national norms requirements: "North 0.25, east/west 0.3".
Slope roof ventilation window before and after the set, closed in winter, so that the lower part of the roof space to form a closed insulation space, open in summer, so that the internal hot air under the action of the natural wind flow to the outdoor discharge, a heat insulation space Paying much attention to the thermal insulation of balcony, reducing the northwest wind in winter for indoor direct penetration, and make the appropriate reduction in overhang length, so as not to affect households in the winter sunshine the next block.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Shi Li
Given the many possibilities to substantially reduce buildings’ energy requirements, the potential savings of energy efficiency in the building sector would greatly contribute to a reduction of energy consumption.
The implications of such potential reduction should not be underestimated, as the scale of energy efficiency in buildings is large enough to influence security policy, climate preservation and public health on a national and global scale [1].
The data only calculates building energy consumption in the process of usage, not including energy consumption of building material production and building construction.
The implications of such potential reduction should not be underestimated, as the scale of energy efficiency in buildings is large enough to influence security policy, climate preservation and public health on a national and global scale [1].
The data only calculates building energy consumption in the process of usage, not including energy consumption of building material production and building construction.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Qian Wang, Zhou Rong Zhang, Zhi Xia He, Li Ming Dai
The simulation results of cylinder pressure were in good agreement with the experiment data, verifying the simulation models [10].
The NO decreases at first and then increases with the injection rate reduction.
M.Sc. thesis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 2013(In Chinese) [11] Minami, T., et al., Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx using Pilot injection, SAE paper 950611, 1995
The NO decreases at first and then increases with the injection rate reduction.
M.Sc. thesis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 2013(In Chinese) [11] Minami, T., et al., Reduction of Diesel Engine NOx using Pilot injection, SAE paper 950611, 1995
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Dmitri A. Molodov, Christoph Günster, Günter Gottstein
Field
Total number of grains
Subset
Mean grain size, µm
Number of grains
Grain fraction
both
82
1285
0.67
0 T
1925
(90°,20°,φ2)
81
656
0.34
(270°,20°,φ2)
83
629
0.33
both
100
1298
0.88
17 T
1471
(90°,20°,φ2)
99
444
0.30
(270°,20°,φ2)
100
854
0.58
The rolling texture with two peaks in the (0002) pole figure measured after 90% reduction is similar to those already reported in literature for low alloyed zinc after high rolling reductions.
For analysis of EBSD data the whole set of grains was subdivided into subsets with orientations around (90, 20, φ2) and (270, 20, φ2).
For analysis of EBSD data the whole set of grains was subdivided into subsets with orientations around (90, 20, φ2) and (270, 20, φ2).