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To obtain the Ca-TZP materials with excellent mechanical properties related to the transformation toughening mechanism, the extremely fine microstructure with tetragonal grains of ~0.1 μm in size is required.
Additionally, both the monoclinic phase content and number of the needle-shaped crystallites (Fig. 6) increased with the solution pH.
Number content of the needleshaped crystallites is also included.
This is consistent with the general knowledge on densification during compaction of the polymodal systems with controlled grain size distribution.
However, in this case it was connected with the increased number of the monoclinic needle-shaped crystallites and therefore increased monoclinic phase content in the calcia-zirconia nanopowder.

Main Contents of Grinding Process Simulation As a complex physical process, grinding process is subject to a number of input factors and produces a variety of physical and mechanical phenomena.
Suto and Sata [2, 3] by measuring the number of effective abrasive and wear area to get the grinding wheel topography.
Hegeman [6] found the shape of abrasive grains was more closely resemble the shape of ellipsoid rather than spherical by SEM photographs.
The results show that the algorithm using coupled FEM and SPH can simulate the deformation of any material cutting layer, while avoiding a large number of SPH particle calculation of time-consuming.
Klocke given a model for single grain scratching on 1st European Conference on grinding in 2003, shown as in Fig.8.Yu Siyuan, Lin Bin and Han Xuesong [23, 24] studied a single crystal silicon ultra-precision grinding of molecular dynamics computer simulation.

SPD processes use extensive hydrostatic pressure to impose very high strain on bulk solids, producing exceptional grain refinement without introducing any significant change in the overall dimensions of the sample [1].
In particular, biocompatible unalloyed titanium with improved mechanical properties can be used in a number of products instead of Ti-AI-V and Ti-Al alloys.
The number of TE passes can vary from 2 to 7 depending on the material, deformation conditions and requirements to the properties of the final product.
At the same time, with increasing the number of TE passes, the contribution of the mixing effect rises too.
Varyukhin, in: Ultrafine Grained Materials III; edited by Y.T.

., a reference which would make connotations with others specifications: the materials, grain, strength, structure, binder [10].
The reference could be 30A60N5V_XXXX, were 30A represents the abrasive material, 60 – grain (medium), N – strength (medium), 5 – structure (medium), V – binder (ceramic), XXXX – dimensions.
On one sheet is described the product by a reference (Product reference), the components number (no_block) and the actions number (no_dyn) associated with the product (Table 4).
For each entity they are introduced different atributes such as the block’s name (name), the path where the macro find the block (path), point of insertion (x,y,z), block angle (angle), the entity layer (layer), the start/end point for a line/polyline/rectangle (point), the coordinates for a piece from a block (ech_x,ech_y), or the color number from AutoCAD files as presented in Table 5.
There were taken into considerations two of the parameters: rotation (r#1) with the rotation point (pt_rotation) radius (radius_parameter), angle (angle_parameter), the action locations (label location) and linear (L) with the start/end point, label location, numbers of grips (grips) and the corresponding block (block_dyn) (Table 10).

(Liu [3])An uncertain variable is a measurable function from an uncertainty space (,,) to the set of real numbers, i.e., for any Borel set B of real numbers, the set is an event.
(Liu [3]) The uncertainty distribution Φ of an uncertain variable is defined by for any real number .
Constraint (4) states that the number of servers to be located is equal to p.
Repeat the second to sixth steps a given number of cycles.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by Soft Science Research of China State Administration of Grain Grant No.72, Humanities and Social Sciences Research of Henan Province Grant No. 2009-QN-023 and Talents Cultivation Fund of Henan University of Technology Grant No. 2009BS023.

When the particle was considered as a spherical particle, the mean diameter could be expressed by D [p, q].The general calculation formula was shown as follows, where the total number of particles that diameter was di was ni
Number mean diameter D [1, 0] was based on the number of particles.
The total length was and the total number was when particles were aligned.
Hence, D50 of the number mean diameter was selected as the reference diameter.
In Chinese: Comparison of Lake Sediment Grain Size Results Measured by Two Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzers.

First, the nodes exchange the typical distance vector protocol, each node makes the network access to the anchor minimum number of hops between nodes.
Anchor node density is discussed below, node density, node communication radius and the location of the number of circulating modified the traditional DV-Hop algorithm and the improved positioning accuracy of the algorithm.
Fig.2 is a 100m × 100m region of the random distribution of nodes, each node randomly generated coordinates, in which the number of anchor nodes and unknown nodes, respectively: 20 and 180, respectively, with circles and black dots.
From the figure we can see, with the total number of nodes increases, the average location error of two algorithms are gradually reduced.
Dynamic fine grained localization in Ad-Hoc sensor networks[C].

Binding layers have three kinds of thickness: 0.25 mm, 0.37 mm and 0.45 mm, corresponding to the number of binding layers of 13, 11 and 10, respectively.
Working layers and binding layers were preformed by cold pressing, then assembled according to designed layer number and then hot pressed in vacuum.
The cutter samples were numbered S1, S2, …, S6 as in Table 1.
Table 1 Sample numbering Sample number S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Number of working layers 13 11 10 13 11 10 Number of binding layers 13 11 10 13 11 10 Binding layer formula 1# 1# 1# 2# 2# 2# The friction and wear properties of bit cutters were investigated using a pin-on-disc friction and wear tester (MG-2000A).
Discs were machined from blackmica contained medium-fine grained monzonitic granite as tribopair, whose compressive strength is 169.39 MPa.

First, the nodes exchange the typical distance vector protocol, each node makes the network access to the anchor minimum number of hops between nodes.
Anchor node density are discussed below, node density, node communication radius and the location of the number of circulating modified the traditional DV-Hop algorithm and the improved positioning accuracy of the algorithm.
Fig.2 is a 100m × 100m region of the random distribution of nodes, each node randomly generated coordinates, in which the number of anchor nodes and unknown nodes, respectively: 20 and 180, respectively, with circles and black dots.
From the figure we can see, with the total number of nodes increases, the average location error of two algorithms are gradually reduced.
Dynamic fine grained localization in Ad-Hoc sensor networks[C].

This system calculate the number of the " 0 " by comparing with the difference in frequency with the DDS, which be shown in fig.4. fi, i=1,2, ...
So the number of “0” that must be removed is calculated by the received frame frequency ( FI ) and standard frequency ( F0 ) in DDS.
For example, if Ft is 74.25MHz,corresponding to that nx=n0.If the Ft has changed, then the number of “0” obtain by equation (2).
Drawing a conclusion, if the input frequency (Ft) changed from 74.17MHz to 74.32MHz，the number of “0” appending to the end of frame change from 14363 to 17212.
[4] Elson J,Girod L,Estrin D.Fine-Grained network time sychroniztaion using broadcasts[C].the 5th Symp.on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.ACM Press,2002.147-163