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Such equipment makes it possible to perform large numbers of cutting operations (e.g., milling, grinding, sawing, polishing) by means of diamond impregnated tools.
According to our methodology, the testing procedure establishes a certain number of cutting slots or runs.
The total number of runs depends on the characteristics of the workpiece material and type of tool.
Pink Porriño South African Black Biotitic Granite, with large grains and with some irregular fractured megacrystals of dark rose K- feldspar Gabbro, with an homogeneous distribution of very dark pyroxene and grey feldspar grains (in the boundary of the former) Quartz (35%) K-feldspar (40%) Plagioclase (13%) Biotite (11%) Other (1%) Plagioclase (55%) Pyroxene (45%) Fig.2.
(a) (b) The tool weight loss values were measured after a performing a constant number of runs (150) at a constant force against each type of rock.

The critical need for use of a scientific approach to optimize plunge depth for a given tool material and test machine in fewer number of steps is emphasized.
The weld nugget (WN) is essentially a recrystallized central portion of the TMAZ and has substantially smaller equiaxed grains than the base metal.
Grains are elongated in the direction of rolling with the size varying from 300 μm to 500μm.
Invention of the FSW process made a number of aluminium alloys, especially the copper containing 2000-series and 7000-series, receptive to welding, which were previously considered to be unweldable primarily because of their sensitivity to cracking due essentially to a wide freezing range during solidification coupled with the formation of partially melted zones in the heat-affected zone near the fusion line.
Further, a higher heat input favours: (i) coarsening of the grains, (ii) an elimination of hardening to a wide range of work hardened materials, and (iii) over-aging in precipitation hardenable aluminium alloys in the HAZ.

The grinding wheel condition monitoring neural network input layer node number is 6，and the inputs of the neural network are the three high-frequency wavelet detail coefficients extracted features in which there are two group data (AE signal characteristic wavelet coefficients number N and wavelet decomposition coefficient greater than wavelet decomposition coefficient threshold Fmax(N)).
The network output node number is 3, which is the fresh, worn and partly worn grinding wheel condition.
Because it has been proven that the three layer network with sufficient number of nodes in the hidden layer is able to model any mathematical function, the number of hidden layers can be limited to 1 and it need not be an objective of this optimization.
The number of nodes in the hidden layer can be decided by the following equation:
(6) Input inputmf rule outputmf out · · Lg(Vw/Vs) Lg(ap) Lg(Vf) Lg(WAE) Lg(Ra) AE In Eq. (6), m is the number of input layer nodes, and n is the number of output layer nodes.

Cold rolling is operated for the work hardening, refinement of crystal grain size, highly dimensional accuracy and improvement of surface quality.
This is a small rolling mill (model number: DBR-70, maximum rolling load: 5 tons).
Thus, the roll gap is opened during casting depending on the mill constant number.
Direct molten metal rolling load was calculated by using mill constant number.
Mill constant number that was estimated by preliminary experiment was 4311 kgf/mm.

The nine components can be regarded as coarse-grained units.
Factoring integers with the number field sieve.
The Factorization of ninth Fermat Number, Math.
Strategies filtering in the number field sieve.
A Montgomery-Like Square Root for the Number Field Sieve.

In the early deformation stage, SS-dislocations easily disappear through the dislocation interaction and movement to grain boundaries or surface.
(2) � Although a part of dislocations disappears due to the dislocation interaction and movement to surface or grain boundary, the number of stored dislocations should be proportional to ρm.
This suggests that a very little movement of a huge number of dislocations can produce a reasonable plastic strain that affects elastic proportional limit and 0.2% proof stress.

Based on the reaction process, it is possible to predict the rate of oxidation and corrosion of the number of moles of electrons of an element [4].
The number of valence electrons (ni) of the element aluminum with atomic number 13 is equal to the number of electrons.
Addition of Zn can significantly improve the grain size of metal substrates, consistent with previous findings [17].
Furthermore, the high grain boundary density induced by fine particles is also beneficial to improve the degradation behavior.
Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by mentoring Professor granted program of Engineering Faculty of Brawijaya University through contract number: 08/UN10.F07/H.PN/2022 References [1] S.

The radial distribution function (RDF) results of eutectic Al-Si alloy with Sr addition reveal that Sr can reduce the number of Si clusters in the melt [25].
For Eq. (2), n(R) is the number of Si clusters; ɑ is coefficient; k is the Boltzmann constant; T is the absolute temperature.
The increase of ΔG results in the number decrease of Si clusters (n(R)) with big size and the number increase of individual Si atoms.
Difference in the colors indicates large-angle grain boundaries, which means the crystal orientation is different during solidification.
Stetsenko, Effect of fine-grained structural Al-12%Si materials on morphologies and crystal defects of eutectic Si in HCC Al-12%Si alloy billets, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 541 (2012) 157-162

Analysis of Fig. 1 and the data summarized in Table 1 shows that the most coarse-grained structure was obtained for the unmodified alloy, cast to ATD probe (sample 1),in which the average area of the silicon surface reach the value of 4317 μm2, the number of silicon precipitates per one mm2 was 9, and the shape factor amounted only 0.39.
For samples 1-4, in which the solidification has occurred in the standard ATD probe (with use of different variants of cooling), the obtained results of average area, the number of precipitates and the shape factor of silicon crystals, does not show a significant difference.
The use of graphite as the mold material (sample 5) for the unmodified alloy, caused (compared to the standard ATD cup) reduction of silicon crystal dimensions of about 400 μm2 and increase the number of them per 1 mm2.
Evaluation of selected stereological parameters of hypereutectic silicon crystals Sample Average area [µm2] Number of silicon precipitates [1/mm2] Aspect ratio F 1 4317 9 0.39 2 2453 28 0.58 3 2243 33 0.61 4 2333 37 0.62 5 3932 21 0.42 6 540 69 0.68 7 435 82 0.66 8 193 167 0.70 Summary This paper presents the methodology allowing to assess the impact of a number of parameters such as: modification process, the choice of material for the mold and the use of additional active cooling to the form.
The performed research, includes an analysis of the structure of obtained ingots (made from silumin AlSi17), led to the following conclusions: · The alloy modification , in each case leads to a reduction of average area of the hypereutectic silicon precipitates, increasing the number of them from 9 to 28 per mm2 (for the sampler ATD) and 21 to 69 per mm2 (for a graphite mold)

Introduction Sweet broad pea (Pisum sativum L.) which is an annual herb legume peas are climbing plants, grain can be eaten.
The adventitious buds of internodes inoculated into the medium for rooting, and observed the effect of NAA on adventitious buds rooting, counted root number and the root rates.
Table1 Effects of different hormone combinations on callus induction hormone leaves Internodes Cotyledons Stems BA NAA 2，4-D Number Induction rate Number Induction rate Number Induction rate Number Induction rate 0.0 0.0 0.5 30 83.3 30 100.0 30 10.0 30 93.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 30 23.3 30 46.7 30 0.0 30 43.3 1.0 1.0 0.0 30 90.0 30 100.0 30 13.3 30 96.7 Effect of 6-BA concentration on explants differentiation bud.
Table2 Effects of 6-BA on the differentiation and Germination of different explants Explants 6-BA(mg/L) numbers differentiated explants Differentiation rate/% Cotyledons 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 30 30 30 30 1 0 2 0 3.3 0.0 6.7 0.0 leaves 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Internodes 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 30 30 30 30 11 19 26 5 36.7 63.3 86.7 3.3 Stems 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Adventitious root induction.