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The HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance Number) of capsanthin can be calculated from Equation (1).
Table 1 Using different Extraction Solvent Extract Capsanthin numbers solvent chili powder (g) extract amount of capsanthin (g) Abs extraction ratio (%) 1-1 95% ethanol 70 2.381 0.433 3.401 1-2 acetone 70 2.378 0.582 3.400 1-3 petroleum ether 70 1.753 0.578 2.501 1-4 acetone and petroleum ether 70 1.985 0.580 2.832 (2) Selection of the Optimal Extraction Condition The higher the absorbency, the bigger the yield of capsanthin.
Fig. 3 Effect of ratio of chilli to liquor on absorbency Fig. 4 Effect of number of extraction on absorbency (IV) The Optimal Number of Extraction The extraction was conducted with different numbers of extraction at temperature 383.15K, extraction time 3h, ratio of chilli to liquor 1:25.
It is seen from Fig. 4 that the extraction ratio didn’t increase with increasing the numbers of extraction, on the contrast, the solvent and the time was wasted.
Reference [1] Chen Shao-ling, Analysis and Comprehensive Utilization of Chili, Grain Processing. 4 (2002) 52-55

Introduction Important parameters identified that influence the surface quality generated during lapping process for a given workmaterial with given abrasive (material and grain size) are the lapping speed, the lapping load and the abrasive, concentration [1,2].
Taguchi method can extract information more precision and more efficiently, and the number of experiments are be conducted decrease rapidly [3,4,5].
Taguchi method takes Average value ( R ) and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) as evaluating indicator for optimum design and analysis: ( )irii r j ij i RRR rr R R +++== ∑= L21 1 1 (1) i is for the tested number, r for the number of tested point (r=4).
( ) 2 2 2 1 1 * t t j k j j j Sy G SS t y y t n = =   = − = −     ∑ ∑ (5) where, k is for studied parameters; j level number of the parameter k; jy for average of each of the level under the parameters k; t for the replication of each level of the parameter k; here t=3.
Syj is sum of all trial results involving parameter k level j; n is the total number of trial runs (n=9).

Fig. 3 Increase in the Vickers hardness with the number of passes by ECAE Similar tendency was shown in Fig. 4 for the results of the compressive yield strength.
As the channel angle in the present study is as large as 150º so as to avoid the collapse of the porous structure, the strain in the metal is lower than the usual reference data [5] where the channel angle is 90º and grain refinement is expected. 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 C o m pre ssive yie ld stre n gth / M P a Number of pass of ECAE lotus copper nonporous copper 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 10 20 30 40 S pe cific c o m pre ssive yield strength / M P a Number of pass of ECAE lotus copper nonporous copper Fig. 4 Increase in the yield strength with the number of passes by ECAE Fig. 5 Increase in the yield strength with the number of passes by ECAE Summary ECAE process is effective to increase the Vickers hardness and the yield strength of lotus copper with maintaining the porous structure.
The mechanical properties increase with increasing pass number till several passes and then reach the maximum value.

As for Transdniestr, increased lithium content (up to 0.16%) is determined within thin-layered fine-grained feldspar-quartz sandstones.
Lithium ore is light-grey, almost white, fine-grained rock of massive or not clearly maculose structure (sometimes maculose-band structure) consisting mostly of interconnected and interblending quartz-microcline-albite-petalite and quartz-microcline-albite structural-mineral complexes being characteristic metasomatic formations of metamorphosed original pegmatites.
The height of a grinding chamber and a number of passes of the material through it determine L value.
Obviously, crystallites are formed in the mineral due to the destruction process within the high-angle boundaries of the grains.
Mechanochemical ore activation for complete or partial release of mineral grains. 2.

Rapeseed oil was provided by Dantu grain and oil chemical plant, China. -10PD was obtained from China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation.
Table 2 Main chemical composition (wt.%) of RME a RME Content RME Content C14:0 0.33 C16:1 0.44 C16:0 9.35 C18:1 40.33 C18:0 3.51 C20:1 3.05 C20:0 0.79 C22:1 6.95 C22:0 0.49 C18:2 25.25 C24:0 0.22 C18:3 7.38 aCm:n is shorthand of fatty acid methyl ester. m is the number of carbon atom in fatty acid group. n is the number of double bond.
RME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms.
To organic compounds with similar composition and structure, substance volatility got poor with increasing the molecule mass (the number of carbon) and molecule 3D-structure.
It was chiefly because -10PD was mainly composed of alkane of 8-26 C atoms, and RME was mainly composed of FAME of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms.

The AE signal of accumulative counts number and amplitude in time domain exhibited a roughly sigmoid variation including three stages, which reflect approximately the evolution of LTD.
For AE signals detected, the acoustic parameters to study are as follows: (1) Counts number: number of times that one given signal exceeds the threshold within the duration; (2) Amplitude: a peak voltage of one given signal waveform which is expressed on a decibel scale; (3) Duration: time interval between the time of the first and the last exceeding the threshold; (4) Peak frequency:a frequency feature at which peak magnitude is observed in the power spectrum.
As discussed previously [3-5], the tetragonal-monoclinic phase transformation generated from the nucleation of monoclinic phase in the tetragonal grains yields micro- and macro-cracking.
The AE signal of accumulative counts number and amplitude in time domain exhibited a roughly sigmoid variation including three stages, which reflect approximately with the evolution of LTD.

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is known to have high pH number and traces of heavy metals.
The pH number was ranging between 11.15 and 12.21 for all measurements.
The pH number was recorded directly from the pH meter to be in the 11.15 to 12.21 range for all measurements.
The pH number is greatly influenced by the composition and the elemental concentration in the dust.
In other words, the presence of Fe in the dust reduces the pH number.

The execution efficiency got improved much more based on increasing the number of processor core and thread number executing parallel via using multithread parallel execution technology.
Their work made the sort performance improved to a greater extent via breaking down the sort task into independent computing tasks and digging the fine-grained parallelism of sort algorithms.
Suppose the length of the unsorted sequence is n and the number of parallel thread that will be executed is TNUM it can be deduced that the number of trip needed for two-way merge sort is .
For the ith trip the number of merge should be /2 as the length of the merge segment is 2i and the number of comparison and movement should be 2i removing the tail part merge.
We also can see it is that the efficiency will be improved the best when the number of parallel thread is 4 as it is just equal to the number of core.

According to the degree of influence of additives used to reduce ice formation in the slag in concretes, containing cements can be ranker number: SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) > NC (5%) + SP (0.6%) > SP (0.6%).
In such cements clinker particles are first hydrate to form a hydrosilicate gel the coating grains of slag and clinker.
Because highly basic silicate forming a shell around the grains of slag and lime is dissolve at, the site of primary hydrate, film is amorphized, enriched with alumina and silica.
According to the degree of influence of additives used to reduce ice formation in the slag in concretes, containing cements can be ranker number: SX (5%) + SP (0.6%) > NC (5%) + SP (0.6%) > SP (0.6%).

Meanwhile, TEM and STEM images showed that a large number of secondary phases appeared after the homogenization, which were mainly distributed in the inter-dendrite area.
The primary phase of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy were Al2Mg3Zn3 and Al2CuMg distributed in the grain boundaries, and the primary phase of Al-Zn-Mg alloy was block-shaped Al2Mg3Zn3[3-5].
A large number of secondary phases precipitates during the homogenization
Evolution of Grain Boundary Phases during the Homogenization of AA7020 Aluminum Alloy.