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A degressive permeability was assumed to take account of a reduction of the permeability of PVD strip throughout the test.
It is apparent that the degressive permeability adopted is capable of giving better agreement with the measured data.
Therefore, the current degression mode for PVD strip is likely to a useful way to model its reduction of permeability during the consolidation process.

The specimens were subjected to 60% height reduction in temperatures range from 850-1200℃(in step of 50℃) at strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 s-1.
Further, the Zener-Hollomom parameter (Z) is widely used to characterize the combined effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the hot deformation [16], = (9) The deformation activation energy is calculated based on the peak stress data under different deformation conditions by Eqs. (6), (7) and (8).
The typical microstructure of as-cast 300M steel after 60% height reduction (true strain 0.9) is shown in Figure 8.

The appearance of numerical methods such as the finite-element method to handle large deformation plasticity has made it possible to analyze with a relative success a forming process during development stage, leading to a reduction of this stage usually delayed by the design of new tools and its correction or tuning.
This reduction can provide a faster and cost-effective development of high quality products, imperative in today's strong competition among several producers.
M-K necking analysis has been performed for a group of selected elements, judged critical, from which one was retrieve the stress and strain history data, which are the input for M-K post-processing analysis.

The steel plates were cold rolled to total reductions of 20% to 95% (total true strains of 0.22 to 3.0) at room temperature.
The data for hig-Mn austenitic steels are bounded by loci of the form of Eq. (4) with ky of about 350 MPa mm0.5 and 450 MPa mm0.5.
An increase in the rolling reduction promotes the grain refinement after recrystallization annealing.

Such an effect leads to fast increase in dislocation density and hardening due to a reduction in the effective slip distance [8] (Fig. 1b).
TEM images (bright field) of microstructure of Ti after the first step of “abc” deformation at 400°C and 10-3 s-1 to the height reduction e»0.5.
The value of activation energy is in agreement with data obtained earlier by Conrad [12] and indicated that the typical mechanism of warm plastic deformation of conventional titanium as prismatic slip of dislocations controlled plastic flow.

It can be seen that be of HCPE is higher relative to diesel engine by empirical data, but compared with traditional engine driving pump system, there is a reduction by 20.67%～87.67% under total working conditions.
When α turns bigger and n turns lower, combustion condition rapidly deteriorates, which results in the evident reduction of pc.

The data were obtained at room temperature and typically the operating pressure in the analysis chamber was below 1×10 -8 Pa.
In contrast with the crystalline V2O5, the disappearance of some peaks shows the reduction of crystalline arrangement in c-direction with organic molecules intercalating in the interlayer[6].
Some reduction always occurs during aging of V2O5-based composite.

The review of the literature suggests that coolant supply cutting Inconel 718 provides several advantages in terms of tool wear reduction and surface finish.
The experimental system consists of a vertical machining center (DMU 80T CNC milling machine), a three component dynamometer, a charge amplifier, an 8-channel data recorder and a PC based software for online monitoring and recording of the cutting force.
This indicates that the amount of reduction of temperature by the cooling air and presence of MQL application enabled favorable lubrication between the cutting tool and the work-piece.

The material data of the alloy EN AW-6063, determined by hot torsion test, was utilized for the numerical investigations.
On the other hand, the rhombus is the best configuration causing significant punch force reduction and contact pressure increasing.
In fact, tip shape allows the material streams approaching with relevant reduction of flow distortion.

Introduction One of the factors to increase efficiency of a blast furnace is by a cost reduction of cast-iron production by an extension of equipment service life.
It occurs due to formation of blind areas brickwork segments for which it is impossible to build erosion model due to shortage of initial data for modelling.
One of the reasons for reduction of the operating period is the hot metal breakthrough of the firebrick lining in the blast furnace bottom (hearth).