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The fracture surfaces of specimens that failed after fewer cycles showed mainly precipitates and micro voids, whereas specimens that fractured after a higher number of cycles indicated that cracks initiated at the surface.
An important feature of this micrograph is elongated grains as a result of rolling.
[MPa] A [%] HB SST at 495°C/1h 306.7 468.3 20.8 129.5 SST at 505°C/1h 310 478 21.3 125 SST at 515°C/1h 306.7 475 21.7 116.8 SST at 495°C/1h and A at 190°C/6h 390 485 13.3 142 SST at 495°C/1h and A at 208°C/4h 373.3 448.3 8.4 134.8 SST at 505°C/1h and A at 190°C/6h 361.7 483.4 18.1 138.3 SST at 505°C/1h and A at 208°C/2h 400 489 13.3 147.7 SST at 515°C/1h and A at 190°C/6h 361.7 478.7 17.6 136.7 SST at 515°C/1h and A at 208°C/2h 386.7 490.3 12.9 137.7 Figure 3 shows the stress versus number of cycles to failure curve (S-N) obtained from fatigue tests on Aluminum Alloy 2024 samples solid solution treated at 505ºC/1h and aged at 208°C/2h.
Conclusions Optical micrographs revealed elongated grains, caused by rolling.

If it is present near the interphase, long grains are found to cover almost the whole phase layer.
This is found in most of the cases since the nucleation barrier for new grains to form must be high.
A focused area around this marker plane is shown in which different grain morphologies around K2 is clear.
The number of interdiffusion coefficients to be estimated depends on the number of components in a system.
Moreover, the number of precipitates of bigger sizes decreases.

Meanwhile, CPHMA requires the use of grain asbuton [5][14] which needs a solvent to dissolve bitumen [15] in order to ensure it has the appropriate characteristics to function as an asphalt mixture binder [16].
Asbuton This research used asbuton grain B 50/30 [30], it was obtained from the National Asphalt Resilience Company (KAN) after it was imported from Lawele, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province and observed to possess the following bitumen characteristics presented in Table 3.
The number of research samples designed is presented in Table 6 but the castor oil only had 5 samples for the Marshall test to make a total sample of 101.
Aggregate Sieve Analysis Coarse aggregate is an aggregate with specifications that pass sieve size ¾”, ½” and number 4.
Fine aggregate is an aggregate obtained from mineral asbuton with specifications that pass sieve size number 8, 50 and 200.

According to the characteristic of wind-blown sand movement the sand grains phase and the gas phase are modeled by considering the different kernel function and the particles size, mass, density, velocity and other physical quantities, which can movement along with controlling equation.
Then the Eq. 2 can finally be written as (6) where N is the number of particles within the support domain of particle.
Some particles shows saltation movement resembled as parabola, as particles of number 1, 2, 4 and 6; and some particles shows suspending movement in a higher altitude than others, as particles of number 3 and 5, and some others moving on a horizontal line likes creeping movement on the ground surface, as particles of number 7.

The use of this technique significantly reduces the number of time-consuming and expensive experiments while maintaining the quality of the results.
The relative durability of the material was determined by the formula: - the number of acoustic signals with a fractal dimension of the attractor 1≤ D2attr ≤6 on the steady-state area of cyclic creep.
∆Tcyc– unit of time. - the number of acoustic signals with a fractal dimension of the attractor 1≤ D2attr ≤6 in the first loading cycle at .
In this case, the number of experiments is reduced by an order of magnitude, as for the construction of such a diagram Fig. 2 values of points A,B,C, A1,B1,C1 are required, which greatly simplifies the task of predicting the durability of structural materials.
Rashchi, Recovery of ultra fine grained silver and copper from PC board scraps, Separation and Purification Technology. 92(2012) 36–42

Precipitate size and number density are captured via the Kampmann--Wagner numerical approach, which is embedded in a genetic algorithm to obtain optimal compositional and heat treatment scenarios for the optimisation of the mechanical properties in aluminium alloys of the 7000 series.
Tests of the Monkhorst--Pack k--point sampling [6] show that energy convergence to within 0.5 kJ/mol is reached for grids with 5000 equal to the number of k--points times the number of atoms in the cell.
The core expression describing precipitate evolution is ∂Ni ∂t = ∂Nivi ∂r + I (2) where Ni is the number of particles of the ith particle size and vi is their growth rate; I is the nucleation rate per unit volume of new precipitates.
Mass balance aids in determining the matrix solute content, these determine the alloy yield strength (σy) via five contributions: the lattice resistance, work hardening and grain boundaries contributions, which do not significantly change during ageing; and the solid solution and precipitate effects (σss and σp, respectively).

The product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Size analyzer. 1Introduction In leather-tanning process, a large number of leather solid wastes are produced by the process such as shaving, trimming produces.
Table 1 The grafted rate analysis orthogonal test of superfine leather powder maleic modified by maleic anhydride The number A Maleic anhydride volume B Temperate C Time D Superfine leather powder and wet conditions Grafted rate /% 1 1 1 1 1 2.29 2 1 2 2 2 3.12 3 1 3 3 3 3.60 4 2 1 2 3 3.61 5 2 2 3 1 5.24 6 2 3 1 2 5.40 7 3 1 3 2 5.21 8 3 2 1 3 6.14 9 3 3 2 1 8.03 K1 9.01 11.11 14.23 15.56 K2 14.25 14.5 14.76 13.73 K3 19.38 17.03 14.05 13.35 k1 3 3.7 4.34 5.19 k2 4.75 4.83 4.92 4.58 k3 6.46 5.68 4.68 4.45 Range R 3.46 1.98 0.58 0.74 Primary sequence A> B > D >C Optimal level A3 B3 C2 D1 Optimal combination A3B3C2D1 From table 2, the best condition of acrylic modification is that the reaction temperature is 75 °C, the weight of acrylic is 15g, the percentage of initiator monomers is 2%, the reaction time is 5h.
Table 2 The orthogonal grafted rate analysis results of acrylic modifying superfine leather powder grafted by Maleic anhydride The number A Pure acrylic quantity/% B The percentage of ammonium persulfate /% C Temperate/°C D Time/h The grated rate/% 1 1 1 1 1 2.4 2 1 2 2 2 6.6 3 1 3 3 3 5.5 4 2 1 2 3 13.3 5 2 2 3 1 20.1 6 2 3 1 2 12.8 7 3 1 3 2 34.6 8 3 2 1 3 37.8 9 3 3 2 1 34.2 K1 14.5 50.3 53 56.7 K2 46.2 64.5 54.1 54 K3 106.6 52.5 60.2 56.6 k1 4.83 16.77 17.67 18.90 k2 15.40 21.50 18.03 18.00 k3 35.53 17.50 20.07 18.87 Range R 30.70 4.73 2.40 0.90 Primary sequence A> B > C >D Optimal level A3 B2 C3 D1 Optimal combination A3B2C3D1 3.2 Grain size analysis results Fig.2 Particle size distribution of modified supfine leather powder in water Fig.1 Particle size distribution of superfine leather powder in water before modification From Fig.1 and Fig.2, it can be see that the suspending capability of superfine leather powder has changed before and after
After filtering and washing, add a amount of distilled water to scatter, 2% ammonium persulfate (APS) solution (monomer quality plan) as the initiator, joined with 150% (ultrafine leather powder weight plan) AA, at 75 °C for 5h, the grafted rate of the modification products is 39.7%. 5 Acknowledgements The project is funded by National Natural Science Foundation (Project number: 20876167) and funded by Research Institutes Technology Development Research Special Funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Project number: 2008EG111011) 6 References [1] Zhangwen Xiong, Wei Na, Li xin, etc.

are random numbers between 0 and 1
are random numbers between 0 and 1.
Number of iterations the algorithm is set to 60.
From Table 1 and Table 2, we can see that the optimization recipe based on the ACOC method can satisfy quality index and reduce the margin of octane number, KBZS and RVP greatly.
Ozkarahan, A mixed-integer linear programming model for bulk grain blending and shipping.

The traffic volume is the number of all the ships which past a certain place of water area during unit time.
But the number of watercrafts should be detected in the tug fleet tug fleet.
This article adopts a method based on morphological classification in continuous time domain to identification cabin, so as to gain the number of watercrafts, and reinforce learning tug team morphological features by a large number of sample experiments and supervised classification method.
This article proposes a method of applying the data fusion to the characteristic recognition of tug fleet, and achieve the recognize target by reinforcement learning of large number of samples and strengthening the morphological characteristics of the tug team.
Small influencing of the kind and grain of the medium in the scene.

When the size of particle is constant, the number of particle in appointed region can reflect the ballast compactness.
In order to compare with the experimental results, the number of particle in the same region are extracted respectively before and after tamping operation, as shown in Fig. 4.
(a) Before tamping operation (b) After tamping operation Fig.4 The number of particle in appointed region In the Fig. 4, the number in the red box is the number of particle in the tamping region, which shows the ballast compactness under the sleeper before and after tamping operation.
[4] Saussine G, Azema E, Peales R, Radjai F: Powders and Grains, Vol. 1145, (2009), pp. 469-472