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Table 1 Test parameters of finish rolling and measured data Tested Steels Finish Temperature/℃ Coiling Temperature/℃ Grain Size/μm ｗz/% T1 T2 T3 T4 1 900 870 840 805 28.2 60.7 2 870 840 810 780 23.8 69.1 3 840 810 780 750 550 18.9 78.2 4 840 810 780 750 610 65.6 Results and Discussion 2.1 Effect of Finish Temperature on Microstructure Refinement.
Morphologies of TiC precipitation of test steel on the same hot-rolled process and different coiling temperatures It can be seen from Fig.2 that, the size of TiC precipitation significantly decreases with the reduction of coiling temperature.
In the subsequent coiling process, the kinetic energy of non-iron atoms (like C, Ti) in steel will decrease with the reduction of coiling temperature, which will lead to larger inhibition of the growth speed of TiC precipitated phases.

Those steels, mostly having the low bainite (SE700) or bainite-martensite (OX812EM) microstructure have been characterized by the high metallurgical purity, the elongation A5 higher than 20% and by reduction of area Z higher than 70%.
As a result, the outer white amorphous layer, 30-40 μm thick, of the high microhardness (300-400 HV0.1) and the deeper (up to 200-300 μm thick) layer with dynamically gain size reduction up to 20-50 nm of sizes have been formed.
Analysis of the wear data showed the quite similar values for both steels.

Introduction Economic concerns and government regulations are forcing the automotive industries to push the limits in the design of their vehicles for weight reduction and cost reduction; while maintaining/improving structural integrity and crash performance.
The data obtained during simulations was loaded in postprocessor software for measurements.

Wave front expression and wavefront aberration function can be achieved by data fitting i.e.
The speed of reduction increases with the increment of tilt angle.
With the increment of offset, the reduction speed of the MTF value of high frequency part decreases, that is, the transfer ability of high contrast increases.

The microstructure results confirmed that Y3+ improves densification and causes reduction of grain growth.
The phases present in the sample were identified using Match II software of XRD data collected by X-ray diffraction apparatus (X’Pert Diffractometer, Philips) using CuKα radiation.
The increasing frequency (from 1.27 kHz to 1.27 MHz) is accompanied by a reduction in the role of space charge polarization then it replaced by a dipolar polarization.

With 75 percent of fuel consumption relating directly to vehicle weight, the automotive industry can expect an impressive 6 to 8 percent improvement in fuel usage with mere 10 percent reduction in vehicle weight.
This translates into reduction of around 20 kilogram of carbon dioxide per kilogram of weight reduction over vehicle’s lifetime [2].
An axial quasi static test is applied on a circular cross section of steel tube wrapped by glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) by using three types of fiber orientations (±45°, ±75º and 90°) and by using different number of layers (4, 6, and 8 layers), in order to obtain optimum design data for the vehicle structural parts that has the most efficient energy absorption performance.

By means of this approach it is possible to enhance the structural behavior by combining different materials in specific directions (for weight reduction) and provide functional anisotropic (often orthotropic) mechanical properties.
The length of the aligned structures is dependent on the amount of particles and on the MF strength (data not shown for brevity).
A reduction of the stiffness was measured in oriented samples, while randomly filled samples did not show reactions [26].
The stiffness reduction was in inverse proportion with the applied strain.

Karnik and Mendel defined the type reduction required for finding a crisp value, which was described in the book [4].
Consequently to calculate the output of the type-2 fuzzy system only a simple type-reduction operation is needed (Fig. 2).
Results In order to provide the data for the rule base of the fuzzy control system the static characteristics of the actuator were created.
Sibielak: Mathematical Model of a Shape Memory Alloy Spring Intended for Vibration Reduction Systems.

Failures unable to detect are necking in HX220BD one with 28.6% reduction of the 0.7mm sheet thickness, and the other with 36.4% of the 1.1mm.
In aluminium alloy EN AW 5128 the necking has a 41.2% thickness reduction of 1.7mm sheet.
As the sheet thickness increases, the non-detectable reduction of sheet thickness also increases.
Maldague in: Infrared image processing and data analysis, volume 46 of Infrared Physics&Technology, ELSEVIER (2004)

Level Land Installation Transportation Tax reduction Raw material Manpower Technology Climate Water supply Close to market New markets Waste water Waste marble Visual pollution Local regulations A-Eskisehir B-Bozuyuk C-Afyon D-Denizli Criteria 2.
Land Installation Transportation Tax W λmax CR Land 1 2 1/5 1/3 0.112 4.097 0.036 Installation 1/2 1 1/9 1/2 0.075 4.190 0.070 Transportation 5 9 1 2 0.569 4.028 0.011 Tax reduction 3 2 1/2 1 0.243 4.168 0.062 Mean 4.121 0.045 Table 5.
Alternatives Sub-criteria of economic main criterion Main Criterion Priorities Total Priorities Land Installation Transportation Tax reduction A-Eskisehir 0.079 0.184 0.088 0.070 0.112 0.090 B-Bozuyuk 0.515 0.450 0.157 0.519 0.075 0.307 C-Afyon 0.188 0.313 0.272 0.323 0.569 0.278 D-Denizli 0.217 0.053 0.483 0.088 0.243 0.325 The overall rating for each alternative is calculated by summing the product of the relative priority of each criterion and the alternatives considering the corresponding main criteria.
For selection of plant location, the proposed AHP model is unique in its identification of multiple attributes, minimal data requirement and minimal time consumption.