Durable and Highly Dissipative Fibrous Composites for Strengthening Coastal Military Constructions

Abstract:

Reinforced concrete strategic structures for military purposes are often established in coastalor offshore areas, widely subjected to chemical attacks, mainly due to an aggressive saline and acidenvironments. Porosity of cementitious conglomerates favour penetration of chlorides, which tend tocorrode the internal metallic rebar. The reinforcement of structures with fibrous composite materialsis a viable solution to restore the initial requirements of the building, especially when it exerts defence purposes. Among synthetic fibres, polyphenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) is an organic fibre based on linked aromatic structures with high elastic modulus and tensile strength and highly dissipative attitudes. In this work, the assessment of durability of continuous fibrereinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) composites is carried out comparing the mechanical performance of laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile tests. It is found that PBOFRCM presents high resistance against aggressive environments and specifically preserve its mechanical strength in the presence of saltwater, where other reinforcing materials undergo to a dramatic degradation process.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 893)
• Pages: 75-83
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.893.75
• Online since: July 2021
• Authors: Cesare Signorini*
• Keywords: Defense, Durability, FRCM, Structural Strengthening

References

[1] M. Shekarchi, A. Rafiee, H. Layssi, Long-term chloride diffusion in silica fume concrete in harsh marine climates, Cement and Concrete Composites 31 (10) (2009) 769-775.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.005

[2] J. H. Gonzalez-Libreros, C. Sabau, L. H. Sneed, C. Pellegrino, G. Sas, State of research on shear strengthening of RC beams with FRCM composites, Construction and Building Materials 149 (2017) 444-458.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.128

[3] S. Mishra, H. K. Sharma, Impact Resistance and Mechanical Properties of UHPFRC, in: Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, Vol. 43, Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp.371-380.

DOI: 10.1007/s40996-018-0196-y

[4] J. J. Schuldies, R. Nageswaran, Ceramic matrix composites for ballistic protection of vehicles and personnel, in: Blast Protection of Civil Infrastructures and Vehicles Using Composites, Elsevier Ltd., 2010, pp.235-243.

DOI: 10.1533/9781845698034.2.235

[5] D. J. Carr, Failure mechanisms of yarns subjected to ballistic impact, Journal of Materials Science Letters 7 (18) (1999) 585-588.

[6] S. N. A. Safri, M. T. H. Sultan, M. Jawaid, K. Jayakrishna, Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review, Composites Part B: Engineering 133 (2018) 112-121.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.09.008

[7] E. Wilusz, Military Textiles, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, (2008).

[8] T. Uomoto, T. Nishimura, Deterioration of Aramid, Glass, and Carbon Fibers Due to Alkali, Acid, and Water in Different Temperatures, Special Publication 188 (1999) 515-522.

DOI: 10.14359/5650

[9] P. Böer, L. Holliday, T. H. Kang, Independent environmental effects on durability of fiberreinforced polymer wraps in civil applications: A review (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.077

[10] C. Signorini, A. Nobili, F. O. Falope, Mechanical performance and crack pattern analysis of aged Carbon Fabric Cementitious Matrix (CFRCM) composites, Composite Structures.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.052

[11] ACI 549.4R-13, Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Systems for Repair and Strengthening Concrete and Masonry Structures, American Concrete Institute, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.11.027

[12] Ruredil Spa, Thermo-welded PBO-MESH 88 fabric, www.ruregold.com/it/download/pbomesh-88-scheda-tecnica/?wpdmdl=1315ind=1595193616008 (2020).

[13] CNR TD200-R1, Guide for the design and construction of an externally bonded {FRP} system for strengthening existing structures, Tech. rep., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (2013).

DOI: 10.20333/25000136-2021-2-104

[14] A. Nobili, F. O. Falope, Impregnated Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composite for Rehabilitation of the Finale Emilia Hospital Roofs: Case Study, Journal of Composites for Construction 21 (4) (2017) 05017001.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000780

[15] A. Nobili, C. Signorini, On the effect of curing time and environmental exposure on impregnated Carbon Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (CFRCM) composite with design considerations, Composites Part B: Engineering 112 (2017) 300-313.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.12.022

[16] A. Nobili, Durability assessment of impregnated Glass Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (GFRCM) composites in the alkaline and saline environments, Construction and Building Materials 105 (2016) 465-471.[17] C. Signorini, A. Nobili, C. Siligardi, Sustainable mineral coating of alkali-resistant glass fibres in textile-reinforced mortar composites for structural purposes, Journal of Composite Materials 53 (28-30) (2019) 0021998319855765.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.173

[18] ICC AC434, Acceptance criteria for masonry and concrete strengthening using fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composite systems, Tech. rep., International Code Council (2013).

DOI: 10.14359/51702356

[19] RILEM 232-TDT, Test methods and design of textile reinforced concrete, Tech. Rep. 12, International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (2016).

DOI: 10.1617/s11527-016-0839-z

[20] C. Signorini, A. Nobili, F. O. Falope, Mechanical performance and crack pattern analysis of aged Carbon Fabric Cementitious Matrix (CFRCM) composites, Composite Structures 202 (2018) 1114-1120.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.05.052

[21] CNR DT215, Istruzioni per la Progettazione, l'Esecuzione ed il Controllo di Interventi di Consolidamento Statico mediante l'utilizzo di Compositi Fibrorinforzati a Matrice Inorganica, Tech. rep., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (2018).

DOI: 10.1080/03749444.1987.10736715

[22] D. Arboleda, F. G. Carozzi, A. Nanni, C. Poggi, Testing procedures for the uniaxial tensile characterization of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix composites, Journal of Composites for Construction 20 (3) (2016) 04015063.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000626

[23] D. Arboleda, S. Babaeidarabad, C. D. L. Hays, A. Nanni, Durability of Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Composites, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC), (2014).

[24] ASTM D 1141, Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water, Tech. rep., American Society for Testing and Materials International (2013).

[25] S. Kajorncheappunngam, R. K. Gupta, H. V. GangaRao, Effect of aging environment on degradation of glass-reinforced epoxy, Journal of composites for construction 6 (1) (2002) 61-69.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2002)6:1(61)

[26] J. Hartig, F. Jesse, K. Schicktanz, U. Häußler-Combe, Influence of experimental setups on the apparent uniaxial tensile load-bearing capacity of Textile Reinforced Concrete specimens, Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions 45 (3) (2012) 433-446.

DOI: 10.1617/s11527-011-9775-0

[27] G. De Felice, S. De Santis, L. Garmendia, B. Ghiassi, P. Larrinaga, P. B. Lourenço, D. V. Oliveira, F. Paolacci, C. G. Papanicolaou, Mortar-based systems for externally bonded strengthening of masonry, Materials and Structures 47 (12) (2014) 2021-2037.

DOI: 10.1617/s11527-014-0360-1

[28] M. Messori, A. Nobili, C. Signorini, A. Sola, Mechanical performance of epoxy coated ARGlass fabric Textile Reinforced Mortar: Influence of coating thickness and formulation, Composites Part B: Engineering 149 (2018) 135-143.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.05.023

[29] Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici, Italian Standard for the Qualification of FRCM composite systems for externally bonded reinforcement of existing structures, Tech. rep., Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici (2019).

DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-515-5/010

[30] C. Signorini, A. Sola, A. Nobili, C. Siligardi, Lime-cement textile reinforced mortar (TRM) with modified interphase, Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials 17 (1) (2019) 228080001982782.[31] Toyobo Co., Ltd, Zylon (PBO fiber) Technical Information, www.toyobo-global.com/seihin/kc/pbo/zylon-p/bussei-p/technical.pdf (2005).

DOI: 10.1177/2280800019827823

[32] J. Donnini, Durability of glass FRCM systems: Effects of different environments on mechanical properties, Composites Part B: Engineering (2019) 107047.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107047