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With any change of the waveguide resulting in changes of the Lamb waves propagation and damping behavior, non-damage related changes, e.g. due to temperature changes or humidity absorption, can also alter the systems response and lead to false alarms or a reduction of the damage detection ability.
As outlined in [7], the reconstruction of the time history of an impact event can be performed by solving an optimization problem to minimize the difference between the experimentally obtained strain data and that predicted using a model of the structure under investigation.
To account for this, ge can be separated into three parts: (3) Here, ge_base contains the reduction of the effective strain on the sensor due to the interaction between sensor, structure and adhesive, ge_u contains all changes due to deviations from the state in which ge_base was measured and the rest of the equation transfers the measured voltage to a mechanical strain (and can be integrated into ge_base and ge_u in the following process).
From this set and the baseline data, the in-situ stiffness and ge_u would be calculated.
Experimental Procedure Experimental data was obtained and treated using the described methodology, both with and without compensation.

These data could be attributed to the higher hydrophilicity of CMC due to the character of the negatively charged carboxymethyl groups incorporated in the chitosan backbone, considering that the gain of water is mostly related to the concentration of hydrophilic groups in the polymer [13].
These data reveals the introduction of carboxymethyl groups in the chitosan structure and the reduction of the thermal stability of the polymer derivative as the temperature corresponding to the onset of the degradation step decreased [13].
In relation to the thermal analysis, the results reveal the reduction of the thermal stability of the polymer derivative as the temperature corresponding to the onset of the degradation step decreased.
The potentiometric titration showed that chitosan presents DD of 85%, compatible with the data from the manufacturer (DD> 75%).

It results in certain complication when comparing the experimental and predicted data.
The original valve is designed for the pressure reduction from 14 to 0.9 bar.
If the steam reduction occurs as early as in the tested valve, the specific volume of steam before the regulating valve will increase.
For recording and processing the data the measuring unit OROS and also the control unit AGILENT were used.
It was necessary to calculate all the forces from the measured data for designed parameters.

(6) A uniform mesh with 8-noded first-order reduction integration continuum elements is used.
According to the experimental conditions in Ref. [8], simulations for six ring blank samples have been performed and the obtained roll force results were compared with the experimental data.
Table 2 Calculation Conditions and Parameter Values Sizes of ring blank Outer radius R0 (mm) 61.915 Inner radius r0 (mm) 39.685 Height B0 (mm) 25.4 Thickness H0 (mm) 22.23 Sizes of forming rolls Radius of driver roll R1 (mm) 104.8{34.9,52.35,69.8,139.6,174.5,209.4,244.3,279.2, 314.1} Radius of idle roll R2 (mm) 34.9 {10,14,18,22,26,30,38} Radius of guide roll R3 (mm) 34.9 Reduction in thickness △ H 28% Forming parameters Rotational speed of driver roll n1 (r/min) 160 {60,90,120,160,200,250,300,350,450,600} Feed rate of idle roll v (mm/s) 1.22 {0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.22,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0} Influence of forming rolls on force and power parameters.
Time (s) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 ( KN) )(9.341 mm R = )(8.1041 mm R = )(5.1741 mm R = )(3.2441 mm R = )(1.3141 mm R = t RF Time (s) 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 3 . 0 3 . 5 4 . 0 4 . 5 5 . 0 5 . 5 - 1 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 Datum line )(9.341 mm R = )(8.1041 mm R = )(5.1741 mm R = )(3.2441 mm R = )(1.3141 mm R = t )( mN ⋅RM (a) (b) Fig.4 Influence laws of the radius of driver roll (R1) on roll force (RF) and roll moment (RM) Figure 5 illustrates the influence laws of the radius of idle roll (R2) on roll force (RF) and roll moment (RM).
Vol. 69 (1997), p. 273 Time (s) -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 ( KN) )(30 mm/s .v = )(70 mm/s .v = )(22.1 mm/s v = )(0.3 mm/s v = )(0.4 mm/s v = t RF Time (s) -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Datum line )(30 mm/s .v = )(70 mm/s .v = )(22.1 mm/s v = )(0.3 mm/s v = )(0.4 mm/s v = t )( mN ⋅RM (a) (b)

) (642) (620) (440) (422) (420) (400) (220) (200) (111) 2θ Fig. 1: X-ray diffraction spectrum of Ba2AlWO5,5 Tabela 1: XRD data of Ba2AlWO5,5 2θ d(Å) I/I0 hkl 19,908 4,456 33,22 1 1 1 26,885 3,3134 16,94 2 0 0 30,990 2,8833 100 2 2 0 34,614 2,5892 28,66 3 1 1 40,422 2,2296 22,31 2 2 2 44,252 2,0450 34,36 4 0 0 46,772 1,9406 5,7 4 2 0 54,835 1,6728 39,25 4 2 2 64,169 1,4502 14,82 4 4 0 72,847 1,2973 14,01 6 2 0 81,042 1,1855 6,35 5 3 3 89,116 1,0978 13,84 6 4 2 For double cubic perovskite of the formula A2BB'O6 the intensity, in particular of the (111) and/or (311) superstructure reflection, is proportional to the difference in scattering power of the B and B' atoms, when all the atoms are situated in the ideal position [8].
XRD data of Ba2AlWO5.5 obtained from the XRD spectrum are tabulated in Table 1.
The lattice parameter of Ba2AlWO5.5, calculated from the experimental XRD data is aexp = 8.3504Å.
The liquid at high temperature facilitates mass transport by liquid phase mechanism and results with the reduction of solid - liquid dihedral angle, which increases the wettability and thus the liquid drags the grain towards each other.
The driving force in the sintering process is obtained by the reduction of the total surface energy, which increases the contact and growth between the grains.

This can happen when one deals with real data.
The damage is simulated with a reduction in the second moment of area of the element 12.
• 3 cases of the undamaged beam data simulating 3 different measurements of the beam without damage - damage cases 2, 3 and 4
• 6 cases of the damaged beam (90, 80, 70, 60, 40 and 20% reduction of the second moment of area of the element 12) - damage cases 5 to 10.
The signals were fed into the Multi-channel Data Acquisition Unit Bruel&Kjaer 2816 (PULSE) and analyzed directly with the Labshop 6.1 Pulse software from the attached laptop (Dell series 400).

An algorithm was developed and asoftware was written in FORTRAN 77 to make calculations for the above variable parameters, which were chosen to account with experimental data and physical sense.
The Modeling results and Discussion As a result of fitting of the abovementioned modeling parameters ( *α , *β , ko, К) very good correspondence between experimental and modeling data was obtained (Fig. 1).
This increase may be connected with a reduction of the length of dislocation segments, resulting from an increase of the dislocation density, which leads to growth of the shearing stresses necessary for operation of Frank-Reed sources.
The coefficient * β related to dislocation density increment in the cell interiors increases 3.5 times as a result of dislocation sinking into the cell walls, which apparently is conditioned by a reduction of the dislocation free path length in connection with a decrease of grain-cell sizes as a result of the pressure rise.
From the modeling it can be concuded that: 1) the Estrin-Tóth model adequately describes the stress-strain state of Cu under HPT; 2) the predicted average dislocation densities, as well as the correlation between the dislocation densities in the cell walls and lattice dislocations, conforms quite reasonably with experimental data; 3) the size of grain-cells decreases, with increasing strain and reaches a state of saturation which continues to decrease when the applied pressure encreases; 4) the dislocation interaction parameter α changes dramatically from 0.24 to 0.41 as a result of severe plastic deformation. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 γ r d, nm 0,8 GPa 2 GPa 8 GPa5 GPa a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 θ, deg γr 8 GPa 0.8 GPa 2 GPa 5 GPa b)References [1].

Hard milling, which can even be an alternative for the grinding process in some cases, owns advantages such as reduction of machining costs and elimination of part distortion caused by heat treatment et al..
The sampling frequency of data was set to be 7000 Hz.
The increase of cutting temperature also leads to the reduction of the friction between the tool rake face and the chip, and the shear angle will increases with increasing cutting speed.
For the purpose of converting the trial result data into a value for the evaluation characteristics in the optimum setting analysis, the S/N ratio is used instead of the average value.
Based on the S/N ratio data, the results of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the resultant cuting force can be obtained as shown in Tables 4 and 5.

EPA promulgated the "residential air purifiers" which notes that it has not been confirmed that the air purification methods is effective in reduction of radon-induced risk, yet the use of air purifier can not be interrupted according to available data.
We measure the concentration of radon daughters continuously using professional radon daughters measuring instrument BWL with recording hourly data and averaging them.
Record hourly data.
Exploration of radon affected work and living places and methods for the reduction of the radon exposure [3] Daniel J.

The application of more efficient and accurate tools to predict and assess the service life or reliability of poles will certainly contribute to cost reductions in both the maintenance and management of utility poles.
A reduction in maintenance costs of 20% for power companies alone would save approximately $8~10 million every year.
The NDE systems collected data on the project test population over a 5-month period.
Half of this data were provided to practitioners for calibrating their systems.
· Need for collaborative R&D programs with industry to implement reliability analysis for asset management, obtaining ‘feedback’ and management data for calibrating the asset management procedure, including decay modelling