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The laser dressing process is characterized by a small ablation depth and thus very limited heat-affected zone (HAZ) in each pulse.
( , , 1) ( , , ) T T i j k T i j k t t ∂ + − = ∂ ∆ (8) Substituting the above equations into Eq.3, reorganization results in Eq.9: 0 0 1 2 ( , , 1) ( , , ) ( ( 1, , ) ( 1, , ) 2 ( , , )) ( ( , 1, ) ( , 1, ) 2 ( , , )) T i j k T i j k F T i j k T i j k T i j k F T i j k T i j k T i j k + = + + + − − + + + − − (9) where ( )2 tx α∆ ⋅ ∆ and ( )2 ty α∆ ⋅ ∆ are the Grid Fourier factors which may be represented by 0 1F and 02F .
Table 2 provides the physical properties of the bronze bond and diamond abrasives.
It is observed from Fig. 2 that the laser ablation generates an extremely small and thin the heat-affected zone but a high temperature gradient.
[5] Q.F.Ma, R.S.Fang: Practical Hot Physical Property Handbook (China Mechanic Press, 1986).

The film condensation exists in the steam-water heat exchanger widely and affects the effective heat transfer in some degree.
Relationship between surface free energy and heat exchange property It is generally accepted that an unbalanced force filed exists on the surface when the resultant of the internal forces within the molecules of the solid material is zero.
The heat exchange surfaces prepared by these materials are of better fouling prevention and heat exchange properties than the common copper pipe, which have been used in a power plant of Shandong province and can be widely applied in many industries such as chemistry, electric power and pharmacy.
Wu et al [27] measured the fouling prevention property of the heat exchange pipe coated with the XK-368 Ti nano-polymer in the dirty water system.
With the development of the science and technology, the key factors and mechanism affecting the fouling prevention and heat transfer enhancement, especially the effect of the characteristic of the highly viscosity materials by the surface engineering techniques should be emphasized in the future.

Consider the influence of multi-factor to the transmission inaccuracy of the output.
In Adams, Define the material properties of each unit.
The inaccuracy of manufacturing and assemble was affected by many factors and has complex combination which should conduct analyze separately.
Paper only considers the key factors which have influence of transmit error in the second level of RV reducer: (1) Deformation in the transmission parts (2) Backlash between crank shaft and bearing (3) Backlash between cycloid gear and pin gears Deformation in the transmission parts.
But the backlash was influenced by gap, deformation and many other factors.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the TiO2 nanotubes growth and the variation in its diameter to improve the surface properties of Ti-7.5Mo to use for biomedical applications.
Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in dental and orthopedic applications due light weight and appropriate mechanical properties.
The surface properties of materials are a very important factor to occur a good osseointegration and the topography and surface physicochemistry are elements that enhance the development of the bone around an implant [2].
This alloy was choosen due to theirs excellent bulk properties, a low elastic modulus and a high strength/modulus ratio in order to obtain a better surface.
Surface wettability (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) is one of the most important parameters affecting the biological response of an implanted biomaterial.

UK. 3 Smiths Aerospace Mechanical Systems-Aerostructures, Hamble-le-Rice.
This is related to the stress as follows: SA P P '=+ ) ( 22221111 ασασ (2) Where S is the thermoelastic signal and A' is a calibration constant based on the detector properties and material properties as follows [2] n p eT RCZF A 03β ρ ' =' (3) where Z is the detector responsivity, F is an amplification factor that includes the resolution of the analogue to digital convertor, b' is a constant for photo detectors, e is the emissivity, T0 is the absolute temperature prior to any heating due to damage evolution, n is a constant dependent on the detector properties and its operating wavelength and R is a temperature correction factor is defined as: n DT T R       = 0 (4) where TD represents the increased specimen absolute temperature as a result of damage.
Clearly from equation (3) increases in temperature of this magnitude will affect the thermoelastic signal and it is necessary to apply the temperature correction factor, R.
The maximum stress, assuming a stress concentration factor of 3, of approximately 450 MPa was not considered great enough to cause gross fibre breakage.
Vol. 12 (1989), p. 291 [10] Drew, R.C. and White, R.G: An investigation into damage propagation and its effect upon dynamic properties of CFRP composite materials.

China, 213016 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R.
China, 212013 3 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, P.R.
Introduction The grain, grain boundary and unit of ceramic micro-structure are in the level of micro-dimension, because its grain is fined, and the number of grain boundary increases greatly, material strength, hardness and super-plastic may be improved, which has important influence on its properties such as mechanics, electrics, optics, calorifics, magnetics and etc..
Al2O3 powder is used as coating material, and 40Cr as substrate, its coating is re-melted by CO2 laser, and residual stresses of Al2O3 coating are measured, and the effected factors of residual stress are discussed, and the forming reasons of residual stress and strengthening mechanism are analyzed.
When the time of laser thermal action is long, the grain is growed up easily, and caloric dispersion also needs longer time, more longer the time of caloric staying, more bigger the heat-affected zone, its hardness is relatively lower.

The ratio is an important parameter in micro cutting and affects the micro cutting process [[6] D.A.
Surface roughness is predominantly considered as the most important feature of practical engineering surface due to its crucial influence on the mechanical and physical properties of a machined part [[16] H.
Surface roughness can affect the tribological performance of micro parts.
The ratio of uncut chip thickness to cutting edge radius also is regarded as the main factor to control the surface roughness [14,[19] Z.J.
The ratio of uncut chip thickness and the cutting edge radius is regarded as an important factor of exit burr height.

Introduction Nanocrystalline metals and alloys, with average grain sizes typically smaller than 100 nm, exhibit superior mechanical properties such as the superior yield strength[1-3], sensitivity to strain rate[4] and low temperature superplasticity [5] etc. and so have been the subject of considerable research in recent years.
There is extensive literature published on the fabrication [6-9] and mechanical properties of NC materials [1-4, 10-12].
Numerical simulation of the fabrication process The strain of the sample and the strain rate are important factors which will affect the grain refining, but exact and full-scale data cannot be obtained by the current testing method due to the gleam process and the ununiform of the strain.
In general, the response of material under high-speed impact involves consideration of the effect of strain, strain rate and temperature, so the Johnson–Cook material model was used here to discribe the materials’ mechanical property[14] and Mie Grüneisen equation of state(EOS) was adopted to describe the compressive materials which can be written as [15] Eqs.(4) and (5): (4) wherein is the flow stress; is the equivalent plastic strain; is the strain rate; is the reference plastic strain rate; T is the temperature of the work material; Tm and Troom is the melting temperature of the work material and room temperature respectively.
Morris: Mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials(Trans Tech Publication Inc, Geneva 1998 )

Optimization of Maintenance Equipment Tool Types Based on Triangle Fuzzy Number Lijie DENG, Zhonghua CHENG, Yabin WANG, Zhiyuan YANG Department of Equipment Command and Management Mechanical Engineering College Shijiazhuang, 050003, China D_L_J_2013@163.com Keywords: triangular fuzzy number; maintenance equipment tool; optimization Introduction Abstract: In the face of those cases which multi-type equipments are configured by organizational systems and types for maintenance support, some questions are indicated.
Step 1: Through solicit opinions from the experts, according to the task to determine the relevant characteristics of the equipment tools attribute, the comparative property index of scheme is determined.
Fully consider equipment comprehensive influence factor, introduce the main factors affecting the weight vector, on the basis of comparing the group benefit values,  the optimization result is got.
If more influence factors are calculated, the calculation process is more complex.

However, the electrical performance parameters common photovoltaic module testing and detection is different, which is determined by the following features special optical components: 1, poor working environment, working temperature range to many special optical components vary widely, and some at work To withstand high overload and various environmental stress, but sometimes not considered in the detection of more than external factors, often artificially placed in the ideal environment to detect the state; 2, part-time work product is often over in its design and production process more consideration to its function implementation issues, and less consider storage reliability and testing reliability issues. 3, system structures are often intricate, large detection is difficult. 　　
Modern high-tech products composed of complex, both mechanical parts, there are optical parts.
Should be noted that the detection performance of the optical system is referred to herein does not include detection of mechanical parts of the system.
Analysis focused on the second and then speculate what happened from a product perspective, consider the following two reasons for this phenomenon:1, in the life of the product, with the gradual prolonged storage time, the performance of its internal electronic components gradually changed, resulting in performance parameter drift, causing the test are not allowed [2]. 2, under a single test environment and do not represent the whole environment under test, the electrical properties of electronic components inside the product parameter drift in different environments, leading to its response signal does not meet the standard. 　　
Impact on the capacitor is to capacitance and dielectric loss angle (power factor) and other parameters change, causing the circuit RC time constants and other parameters change [7].