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In connection with the peculiar microstructures, the NiTi shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) offers excellent properties, such as large output, superior shape memory characteristics and higher yield stress for plastic deformation, which make it very attractive for a number of new applications [1].
It has been found in the foregone researches that there are inevitable defects in large-areaed NiTi SMA thin film deposited on PZT substrate, such as inhomogeneous component distribution, local crystal defect and grain-oriented column structure [5].
Figure 8 shows the cross section images of the prepared composite samples with different physical dimension L fixed M=1mm.Through observation and comparison of the images showing in figure 8, it is found that the shape of the crystal grains in NiTi SMA thin film appears an equilateral polygonal geometry in L=2 mm, and that with creasing physical dimension L, the shape of the crystal grains losses gradually equilateral polygonal geometry and becomes complete oriented columnar in the L=5 mm.

Figure 3 represents a TEM micrograph inside the columnar grain of YSZ coating shown in Fig.2.
Voids or gaps were observed at the boundary between each columnar grain.
A large number of nano-pores were also observed inside the grains and around substrate/coating interface.

Introduction There are also niobium and rare earth rare etc.elements in addition to containing a large number of hematite in Baotou Bayan Obo ore.
Three kind of hematite with different iron grade(No.1 ore with TFe of 42%, No.2 ore with TFe of 30%, No.3 ore with TFe of 17%) from Concentrating Mill of Baotou Iron and Steel Company, grain of -74μm accounts for more than 90% of ores, composition was showed in Table 1; activated carbon, analar , specific surface area of 1033m2/g, a fixed carbon content of 98%, from Shandong Zibo Huaguang Chemical Plant.
The three types of roasting ores were prepared under the above- mentioned best reduction conditions, then ground into powders of 74μm in grain size and made magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 80kA/m(the first magnetic separation), the iron grade of concentrate and the recovery were given in Figure 3.
The results showed that iron grade of roasting ores(about 50%) was low after the first magnetic separation, but the iron recovery was very high(reaching over 90%), indirectly reflecting the good effect of microwave reduction roasting, that most of the weak magnetic hematite changed into a strong magnetic magnetite.Then the concentrate after first magnetic separation were ground into powders of -33μm of grain size and made magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 32kA/m (the second magnetic separation), the iron grade of concentrate reached about 60%, which met the requirement of iron-making.The results of the second magnetic separation given in Table2.

The walls of the pores were analyzed with energy diffraction spectrum (EDS), and a large number of compounds containing K, F and Mg elements were detected in the wall of large pores (the diameter above 100um).
The grain diameter of welding bead much smaller than that of base metal is equivalent under three different velocities, as proved that the equal solidification rate was produced.
TiB2, distributing in the grain or along the grain boundary, did not vary in comparison with Fig.5.

So that in one year the number of egg shells increases into waste that has the potential to cause air pollution due to microbial activity in the environment [9].
This shows that bagasse and eggshell powder as fillers greatly affect the interatomic grains where the atomic pores are getting bigger.
The Correlation of the Absorption (α) Coefficient of Sound with Frequency Of the three samples A5, B5, C5 in the composition (48:48:4) with 20%, 25%,30% resin, it showed that the formation of non-homogeneous particles at a higher frequency resulted in fluctuating coefficients resulting in uneven grain size and voids in the sample. .
For sample B5 on 25% resin with added resin that fills the pores (cavities) between the grains that fill the pores of the structure.

Both the base material and HAZ have a ferritic matrix with a slight amount of perlite towards the grain boundaries.
It can be seen that the microstructure in the HAZ exhibits a coarser-grained microstructure.
Results and Discussion Fig. 1 depicts that the microstructures of the base material and, especially, the critical heat affected zone both have a ferritic matrix with embedded perlite towards the grain boundaries, whereas the weld metal shows a bainitic microstructure.
The financial support was given under grant number 424334318.

Table 1 Basic physical parameter of typical clay Number Specific gravity Organic matter content[%] PH Conductivity Loss on ignition[%] wopt [%] ρmax [g·cm-3] CBR 2.5 Classification 1 2.63 1.61 5.67 19.9 8.61 15.9 1.81 0.8 CL 2 2.59 1.73 5.69 19.5 8.60 17.6 1.77 0.9 CL 3 2.68 1.70 5.70 19.1 8.61 16.7 1.79 0.9 CL Average 2.63 1.68 5.69 19.5 8.61 16.75 1.792 0.87 CL Physical Parameters of Ionic Soil Stabilizer Molecular Structure of Ionic Soil Stabilizer.
Table 5 Microstructure morphology photos of stabilizer soil Times Soil Type 5,000 Times 10,000 Times 15,000 Times Typical Soil Typical Soil with 0.014% EN-1 Under conditions of different magnifications, the main microstructure of typical soil was aggregates and grain group with overhead structure.
Furthermore, at the magnification of 10,000, the cementation phenomenon and even tabular grains appeared at the surface of soil.
The further exploration shown, the free iron oxide, silicon, aluminum and other cements, which didn’t stick together with the framework grain but formed a stacked structure having a certain structure of connection power.

The workpiece material is fine-grained EDM graphite of grade ISO-63 (Toyo Tanso Inc.) with average grain size of 5 µm, density of 1.82 g/cm3, Shore hardness of 80 and flexural strength of 79 MPa.
The cutting tools were Φ2 mm four-flute carbide micro endmills with AlTiN coating (PINDIN, made in China), which were made of the carbide substrate ISO K30 with carbide grain of about 0.4-0.6 µm, AlTiN coating of about 2.5 µm in thickness, rake angle of 10 o , relief angle of 8 o and helical angle of 20 o .
The tooth passing 6 0 2 4 0 500 1,000 1,500 Frequency (Hz) Magnitude (N) (39 Hz) (83 Hz) n = 30254 rpm, v = 190 m/min φ 2 mm AlTiN coated flat carbide endmill Fig. 7 Force harmonics at uncut condition Natural Frequency 1 Natural Frequency 2 1st Harmonic 2st Harmonic 3st Harmonic 2 4 6 8 Wear area Aw (x 10-2 mm2) 0 Magnitude (N) 3 6 9 12 Fig. 8 Force harmonics variations with tool wear frequency under the experimental condition is 2017Hz, which can be calculated by the product of spindle rotation speed (30,254 rpm) and the number of tool teeth (4) divided by 60.

This maximum grain size was chosen because it is the most common one in pavement base courses.
). [6], [7], [10] Table 1 Designed pavement constructions of the test polygon TS 1 0.000-0.042 km TS 2 0.042-0.062 km TS 3 0.100-0.120 km TS 4 0.120-0.140 km TS 5 0.140-0.160 km TS 6 0.160-0.180 km TS 7 0.180-0.200 km TS 8 0.200-0.220 km ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACO 11 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm ACP 16 40 mm GA -R 0/32 150 mm GA A 0/32 150 mm SC 0/32 C5/6 7% cem.; 150 mm SH 0/32 C3/4 5% dor.; 150 mm SC 0/32 C3/4 5% cem.; 150 mm Ra+Rc 0/32 30:70 Ra 0/16 150 mm SCM 32/63 200 mm GA-R 0/32 150 mm GA A 0/32 150 mm GA B 0/32 150 mm GA -R 0/32 150 mm SC 0/32 C1.5/2 3% cem.; 150 mm SC 0/32 C1.5/2 5% cem.; 150 mm SC 0/32 C1.5/2 4% cem.; 150 mm - Ra Rc ACO11 ACP16 GA SCM SC (H) recycled asphalt with min. 50% asphalt particles concrete recycled material asphalt concrete for wearing course with maximum grain
size 11 mm asphalt concrete for base course with maximum grain size 16 mm granulated aggregate type A or B in accordance with CSN EN 13285 grouted course – Cement Macadam course Bound mixture with cement (by hydraulic pavement binder) Construction of test section was accompanied by regular monitoring, especially using non-destructive diagnostic methods.
Advantage of this testing is the knowledge of the exact number and composition of traffic load in the form of TNV passing over the measured profile and heading directly to the weight of the recycling line, where the test section leads to.

The AFM studies of surfaces show that the transferred metals (Al in this case) have a nanostructure with a grain size from 30 to 100 nm (Fig.1,c), though the nanostructure is not homogeneous.
This strongly deformed state of metal is characterized by the raised density of defects on the grain boundaries.
The formation of such interfacial reaction zone is possible only for metals with a high activity towards oxygen and also because of a large number of deformation defects and the nanostructure of metals.
The grain boundary diffusion coefficients in nanomaterials synthesized by means of severe plastic deformation are known to be by an order of magnitude higher than those in classical polycrystals [18,19].