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However, available data for 2011 give a global cement production of already 3.6 billion tons [12].
A generalized use of plasticizing chemical admixtures leads to a further cement reduction (Tool 3).
Mehta and Meryman [9] state that the combined use of tools 1 and 3 may give a reduction of 30 % in cement consumption.
In total the reduction might become about (0.7 x (2800 x 0.6 x 0.8) = ) 941) million tons/year, being the 1990 emission rate.
Restoration providing opportunities for sustainability Because of the importance of environmental protection, energy saving and reduction of demolition waste within the vision of sustainability, restoration has become an important issue.

In case of pipe fittings in fig.4, the weight reduction of over 50% was obtained by thinning the thickness to the minimum.
In this system, the casting simulation of TCSSM for molten iron flow, solidification and, deformation of casting is ran using 3-D data of parts figures, and the gating design and lost-form mold design are executed according to the calculated results.
The obtained result was approximately 10% cost reduction.
Over 60% reduction was achieved for both respects.
CONCLUSION TCSSM is the superior casting process comparing with conventional sand casting process in many aspects of energy and resource savings, process simplification, quality improvement, cost reduction.

Ensuring the enduring accessibility of critical space data, ISO 14721 lays out the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model as a roadmap for its long-term preservation within data and information transfer systems, emphasizing long-term preservation of digital information related to space activities.
Satellite Data Monitoring enhances Supply Chain Transparency, providing insights into raw material extraction, manufacturing processes, and transportation networks.
Consideration of the satellite networks that enable global connectivity and distribution can be important, especially in industries relying on real-time data and communication [37].
Earth observation data obtained from satellites offer spatial attributes crucial for comprehending fundamental aspects of the Earth's ecosystem.
This data plays a pivotal role in addressing sustainability challenges [53] and opens up new possibilities for enhancing data-driven policy formulation and decision-making support.

Adsorption kinetics and isotherms To find the best kinetic model described the adsorption mechanism and the rate of Ni(II) adsorption on Fe3O4-NPs/AC, the experimental data obtained from the effect of contact time were fitted using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, which described as Equations (7) and (8), respectively.
The curves fitting experimental data using non-linear regression are presented in Figure 5b, and the isotherm constants of two models are given in Table 1.
The results obtained show that both isotherm models well fit experimental data with high correlation coefficients R2.
[24] Khenniche L and Aissani F, Preparation and characterization of carbons from coffee residue : Adsorption of salicylic acid on the prepared carbons, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 55 (2010) 728-734. doi: 10.1021/je900426a
[31] Grana A, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57 (1955) 603-619. doi: 10.1351/pac198557040603

Processability data showed that the saturation point for both fillers in rPVC was at 20 wt%, beyond which the composites became immiscible and sticky.
A recent report by Market Data Forecast in 2024 stated that the global market for PVC was valued at USD 44.38 billion and is predicted to reach USD 47.09 billion by 2025 and continue to rise up to USD 75.63 billion by year 2033 with a CAGR of 6.1%.
This data also shows that, LeHigh particles could disperse well and pose less tendency to agglomerate in rPVC matrix as compared to ALUM to produce a composite system with higher interfacial adhesion and interaction.
Particle Size Distribution of (a) ALUM and (b) LeHigh Figure 4 represents the thermal decomposition of both ALUM and LeHigh depicted by the mass loss percentage with the increasing temperature whereas, Table 4 shows the thermal stability data of both ALUM and LeHigh at processing and elevated temperature.
[4] Market Data Forecast. (2024).

Compared to traditional research method, gray theory is able to learn small sample, poor data information and random distributed data.
of data series.
Taking some data from initial data series, gray model can be built.
Generally, gray models from different data are various.
Input the normalized training data into MATLAB.

The development of production and the relative availability of cement led to a significant reduction in demand for many clinker-free, including lime (Portland) binders.
Electron microscopic photo-aluminosilicate (with a filler in the form of a fine-milled zeolite-composite with a filler) Portland aluminosilicate composite 1-ground zeolite tuff (with a filler in the form of a thin-ground fight of a ceramic brick), 2-ground fight of a ceramic brick IR spectroscopy data (Fig. 7), as well as radiographic data (Fig. 8) indicated the formation of the composite relations between the portlandite crystals and between the crystals of portlandite and aluminosilicate component.
The use of such aluminosilicate raw material, which contains metastable minerals of imperfect structure leads to the formation of new compounds and new connections between them and the Portland matrix, which is confirmed by the data of x, XRF, SEM. 4.
The effectiveness of the contact-condensation technology, which provides a reduction in energy consumption to achieve a unit of strength by 2-3 times in comparison with cement technology and by 20-30% in comparison with autoclave technology, is proved.

The results confirmed that the optimization of the blank shape in deep drawing with the combined restraint is a key for improving the deformation process, for reduction of the earing and for minimizing the material consumption.
As the input data we have: blank diameter D, part diameter d, and the heights H0, H45 and H90 at the front line of the part being a function of rolling direction.

Through the kinematics analysis of the rolling of ring multi-mandrel roller, the deformation simulation and the mechanical analysis of the infinitesimal gridding strain, this paper builds the infinitesimal deformation model of ring blank’s cold rolling, analyzes the deformation rules of the ring blank’s thickness direction rolled by the multi-mandrel roller and the relation between the tangential strain and the radial strain which should be satisfied by the mandrel roller’s movement values, and deduces out the mathematical expressions of the needed technological parameters like the minimum instantaneous rolling reduction.
Formula (1) and (2) are the Fourier even function at 2π/z, and they are similar to the ring contour line got from the experimental data.

Compared with the conventional closed-loop power control method, the compound one gets a 47.2% reduction in the adjusting time and a 38.2% decrease in the overshoot indicating that the adjusting process is obviously shortened and the disturbance effect effectively weakened.
Fig. 2 Simulation curve of closed-loop power control system The control system adopts compound control mode under power control mode when suffering sudden increase of the working load pressure to improve the dynamic performance of time response which works like this: The feed-forward controller receives sensor data activated by the load pressure disturbance and outputs feed-forward controlled variable to drive the step motor, leading to the change of the output flow.