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If the sample is simplified as a beam and the reduction in elastic modulus after damage is ignored, there is a relationship between the deflection and the load as is shown in Eq. 1
In addition, the generation of new defects results in not only the reduction of A, but also the increase of stress concentration area, which leads to materials’ carrying capacity decline even further.
Each position data is shown as in Table1.

XPS data was recorded after each deposition and annealing step.
This suggests that a 0.3eV reduction in barrier height and subsequent decrease in the width of the depletion region is the basis for the ohmic behaviour of the SIP contact.
This reduction in the depletion region width has been rationalised in terms of the introduction of donor states into the semiconductor surface region, which enables current transport via thermionic field emission across the Schottky barrier [4, 5].

Meanwhile, reducing the capacity reduction is the focus of recent research [9.10].
Overcharging will cause the electrolyte reduction and battery self-discharge, resulting in reduced capacity [15,16].
The charge and discharge current of 0.1C and cut-off voltages of 4.2 and 3.0, 5.2 and 3.3V were set to conduct continuous charge and discharge experiments and record the data of voltage difference with the time.

Moreover, the degradation phenomenon due to the rising temperature can also be found in crushed tuff, which is commonly used for construction on the coast of China [5], and KMUTT sand, which is local clean sand in Thailand, as reductions in peak shear strength and elastic stiffness can be observed [6].
The study of Jariyatatsakorn and Kongkitkul [10] revealed that the changing initial void ratio before shearing stage induced by thermal expansion of soil solids is only a part of overall temperature effects on the reduction of shear strength.
Consequently, the data presented in Fig. 6 was refitted with Eq. 2 by using common value.

The aim of this work is to provide experimental data on the mechanical properties of concretes subject to cryogenic temperature containing fly ash.
With temperature going down, the kinetic energy of the atoms reduces, which induces a reduction of the thermal agitation.
Because of the potential energy versus the inter atomic distance for a given material, the average equilibrium distance between atoms is reduced, and this reduction continues until the temperature reaches -273ºC at which point there is no agitation left[6].The attractive force between the atoms increases because of the decrease of the distance.

Introduction Economic concerns and government regulations are forcing the automotive industries to push the limits in the design of their vehicles for weight reduction and cost reduction; while maintaining/improving structural integrity and crash performance.
The data obtained during simulations was loaded in postprocessor software for measurements.

And according to some survey data, many slopes were able to keep stable under static loads while under dynamic loads (such as seismic loads, blasting loads and vibration loads), theses slopes were subject to failure.
Jiang Tong studied the non-liner effects of rock joint slope under seismic loads, the results indicated that the failure of slopes caused by earthquake is non-liner [1]; Ye Hailin and Zheng Yingren studied and advanced a new evacuation methods about slope seismic stability [2]; adopting pseudo-static approach and strength reduction method, Fan Xi’an simulated distribution laws of displacement and stress in slope [3]; Zhang Daqi conducted seismic time history analysis on rock slope, and found unstable areas by strength reduction method [4]; Liang Yinchong and Nie Ying analyzed seismic stability of slope in high intensity filed by static method and pseudo-static method [5]; He Manchao and Wang Chenghu studied seismic stability of high slopes by sarma method, and the results indicated that seismic loads played predominate role in slope stability [6]; Yan Zhixin, Cai Hancheng and their mates studied deformation laws of rock slopes and soil ones under seismic loads [7]; Du Xiaoli and her mates

(3) Where:r is the dividing circle radius, is the addendum coefficient, and the is the addendum height reduction coefficient.
It is necessary to determine the position and movement relationship between the hob and gear blank when hobbing [9]. using the data given in tables 2 and 3, the hob mounting Angle of the gear is shown in table 3.
Asymmetric modified spur gear drives: Reduction of noise, localization of contact, simulation of meshing and stress analysis [J].

The material data of the alloy EN AW-6063, determined by hot torsion test, was utilized for the numerical investigations.
On the other hand, the rhombus is the best configuration causing significant punch force reduction and contact pressure increasing.
In fact, tip shape allows the material streams approaching with relevant reduction of flow distortion.

Further reduction of overall reliability can be caused by usage of incorrect input data in nonlinear analysis software.
This is mainly applicable for cases when the aim of analysis and design is reduction of used materials.