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Therefore, this problem may crucially influence mechanical properties and significantly decrease reliability of solders.
The factors which affect the fb-Sn may be nucleation and growth.
The kinetics of nucleation or growth may affect the excess of volume fraction of primary phase.

Introduction SiC nanowires (NWs) are attractive because of the wide band gap, high electrical breakdown strength, radiation resistance, mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of this material.
In combination with high chemical stability and biocompatibility, those properties make SiC NWs very promising for biomedical, sensor, and other applications in harsh environments [1-3].
A wide range of growth conditions were employed to investigate the factors affecting NW growth by the vapor phase catalyst delivery mechanism.

Qi1 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting & Precision Machining; Tianjin University of Technology and Education; Tianjin 300222; China 2College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing; 210016; China awghuo@163.com Keywords: Titanium alloy, Belt; Dry grinding, Worn flat, Protrusion height, Surface topography Abstract.
Unfortunately, the unique physical and chemical properties that make these alloys suitable for many applications also contribute to the difficulty with which they are cut or ground.
During grinding using abrasive wheels, which has been one of the most popular processes for titanium alloy, short wheel life and severe surface abuse of ground workpiece are the most important among the factors impairing their grindability.
It is especially important to understand how the wear phenomena affect the belt topography.
The grinding surface and high surface hardness, the grinding affected zone is small.

Introduction Metal cutting is a severe plastic deformation process with high temperature, high pressure, high strain rate, and is also affected by thermal stress and phase transformation [1], and there will be residual stresses induced by machining in the surface layers.
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in aerospace field because of their light density, high strength, good resistance to corrosion and high temperature [2], but the residual stresses will seriously affect the dimensional accuracy and service performance of the workpieces [3].
The formation of the residual stresses’ final state will go through two steps: 1, the formation of the surface residual stresses induced by many factors during the process of machining; 2, the residual stresses will be redistributed to get a self-balanced state.
The size and shape of the workpiece will seriously affect the self-balanced result.
(a) The unmachined workpiece (b) the machined workpiece Fig.3 The workpiece before and after machining 3.2 Chemical Milling Here hydrofluoric acid was chosen as the corrosive as it can accelerated corrosion, and nitric acid was chosen as oxidant as it can inhibit the production of hydrogen to improve the property of the milled surface [11]. 704 silicone was used to protect the surfaces that don’t need to be corroded.

The applied compressive stress is the main factor controlling the near crack tip parameters.
The 0.2% yield stress and the ultimate stress used in this analysis are 353 and 462 MPa respectively and represents the material property of the aluminum alloy IN 2024-T351.
The loading history can be calculated at the same nominal stress intensity factor.
The compressive stress is main factor that affects the near crack tip opening displacement and plastic zone.
Zhang: Mechanical Engineer.

For FEA a planar anisotropic material model based on the Hill’s 1948 criterion [4] was used for the description of the flow properties of HC220Y+ZE in consideration of the r-values.
Furthermore, the anisotropic hyper-elastic material properties of the fibers are dominant and proved by the numerical calculation.
As opposed to that, in transversal fiber direction the isotropic elastic-plastic material properties of thermoplastic PA6 are dominant during the forming process.
This is due to the totally different material properties of each hybrid part component which have to be considered during the forming process.
With this approach anisotropic hyper-elastic and isotropic elastic-plastic properties of UD-FRP are modelled simultaneously.

The abundantly available oil palm wastes are considered as one of the potential raw materials in producing biodiesel and biochar with desired fuel properties.
The biochar showed improvement of physical properties.
Combustion properties of biodiesel mixture Figure 4 depicts the impact of increasing the global equivalence ratio on NOX emissions for baseline biodiesel and biodiesel mixture.
Park, Co-processing of oil palm waste and waste oil via microwave co-torrefaction: a waste reduction approach for producing solid fuel product with improved properties, Process.
Hameed, Factors affecting the carbon yield and adsorption capability of the mangosteen peel activated carbon prepared by microwave assisted K2CO3 activation, J.

Among these techniques, computational simulation has become a prevalent tool to study mechanical properties of stent [11-13].
The large stent deformation is mainly relied on the plastic deformation and its material properties has entered into the nonlinear phase.
The mechanical properties of the material were as follows: the Young’s modulus: 201 GPa and Poisson's ratio: 0.3.
So it could be seen that the connector shape greatly affects the LSS.
Therefore, it could not only satisfy the LSS but also ensure others properties of the stent to achieve design optimization.

Gamma-titanium aluminides present an attractive combination of low density, high melting temperature, good oxidation and burn resistance, high modulus and strength retention at elevated temperatures, and good creep properties.
The properties of γ-TiAl consist of low density (approximately half that of Ni superalloys), high stiffness, high refractoriness and high temperature strength.
The chemical composition of the alloy is listed in Table 1, while the main properties at room temperature are reported in Table 2.
Element % weight Aluminum 32.0 - 33.5 Niobium 4.5 - 5.1 Chromium 2.2 - 2.6 Oxygen Max 0.08 Nitrogen Max 0.02 Carbon Max 0.015 Iron Max 0.04 Hydrogen Max 0.001 All others Max 0.05 Titanium Balance (Max 60%) Table 2: Mechanical properties of γ-TiAl alloy (at room temperature).
(7) Fig. 8 depicts the plot of factor effect on HV30.

A dedicated chemical sensor would employ a chemical interface which selectively reacts with (or adsorbs) the targeted substance and changes its physical properties (e.g., its mass due to adsorption).
The reason for this supposedly lies in the adverse properties of macroscopic measurement approaches, i.e. relatively large heating powers and large response times.
Vellekoop, Physical Sensors for Liquid Properties, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 3076-3085, Dec. 2011, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2167716 [7] B.
Sensing liquid properties with thickness-shear mode resonators, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 1994; 44; 209-218
Sensing liquid properties with thickness-shear mode resonators, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 1994; 44; 209-218