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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Nur Afidah Abu Bakar, Suhaimi Muhammed
During milling process, rice husk will separate from rice grain as a waste.
Rice husk with variety number of Malaysian Research (MR211) was obtained from Bernas Kuala Selangor while UF resin was supplied by Malayan Adhesive and Chemical Sdn Bhd at Shah Alam, Selangor.
The number of panels was 3 pieces per each trial.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Fang Liu, Wen Jie Fan, Chuan Xun Zhou
Introduction Polycrystalline diamond compacts (for short PDC) are a kind of product composed of micron grain diamond and hard alloy object with the condition of high temperature and high pressure.
Table 1 PDC sample number Sample number Samper characteristic Remnant strsee ranking A Compound-anneal-abrasive process-anneal 3 B Compound-anneal-abrasive process 2 C Compound-abrasive process 1 (max) D Diamond micropowder 0 (min) (a) (b) Fig.2 XRD pattern of PDC Results and Discussion It is clear in the Fig.2 (a) and Fig.2 (b) that the back-bottom of spectral line increases when there is the residual stresses (σ) of PDC.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xin Bing Huang, Xiao Juan Liu, Shu Qin Qiu
The head and central section of the molded parts is sand grain surface, and its surface roughness is Ra3.2um.
Conclusions We explore the processing technology of the cavity part and programming techniques on the basis for a number of analog processing after we reference peers processing experience and refer to a large number of related technical data.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Zdenek Caha, Jan Plachy, Vít Petranek
BWS with coarse grain gritting and plastomeric covering substance was applied on the sealing layer.
Specimens identified with number 7 were reserves, the central part of the sample was left for further tests.
Registration number: CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0111, funded by European Social Funds, Operational program Education for Competitiveness and state budget of the Czech Republic and the research project TA CR No.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Hardev Singh Virk, K.A. Koparkar, Shreeniwas K. Omanwar
A number of new fluorescence peaks were observed for the first time to our knowledge.
Fig. 10 TL emission spectra of LiF: MCP phosphor prepared by RAP technique 4.3.6 Grain Size Effect.
LiF: MCP powder of different grain sizes were obtained by using different mesh size of sieves.
Grain size effect on the TL of LiF: MCP phosphor is shown in Fig. 11.
Fig. 11 Grain size effect on the TL of LiF: MCP phosphor. 4.3.7 Effect of Annealing Procedure.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Shao Lin Qiu, Lai Bin Zhang, Yuan Qiang Huang, Ya Ming Mao
In essence, the requirements of business differentiation will eventually be mapped to more fine-grained division and combination of underlying IT resources.
Obviously, HSE 1.0 architecture does not present such a fine-grained resource management capabilities.
Customization Layer could construct a cluster of VM instances based on resource requirements (eg: CPU number, memory size, software type, etc).
The overlapping of communities makes a more fine-grained resource sharing possible.
Given the number of simultaneous software instances with a license normally limited, negotiant allows that user with high priority will get license first when license requests from enterprises conflict.
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Sara Casciati, Patrick Terriault, Fabio Casciati, Vicenç Torra, Carlota Auguet, Antonio Isalgue
The HRTEM establishes a complex morphology with grains and sub-grains with a minimum size of about 80 nm [12].
According to the Basquin law, the asymptotic stress for an “infinite” number of working cycles approaches 170 MPa.
The former ones are associated to the interaction between the interface displacements and the dislocations, the grain surfaces and so on.
The first one is realized in the cable number 1 of the ELSA-JRC-EU facility (Fig. 11).
Fig. 11. a: The SMA effects on the cable number 1 of ELSA. b: Simulation of the cable under a sinusoidal excitation: free cable, cable with wax and cable with wax and SMA damper.
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Xin Fu He, Shi Wu, Dong Jie Wang, Han Cao, Yan Kun Dou, Wen Yang, Li Xia Jia
The helium atoms are insoluble in the metal, which may cause lattice distortion and high internal stress in the material, meanwhile they are easily be trapped at grain boundaries, dislocations, and other defects and aggregated into bubbles.
When the temperature is high, He will segregate near the grain boundary and reduce the grain boundary strength to cause non-hardening embrittlement of the material [1].
By removing all of the atoms (whose numbers denote as S) within a spherical region with the desired diameter, then inserting certain helium atoms (whose numbers denote as M) in this region with a percentage (M/S), the helium bubble with He/V ratio M/(S-M) was created.
The increase of yield strength due to these irradiation defects, can be expressed as (3) where is the yield strength increasement, M is the Taylor factor, is the increase of CRSS and it can be expressed as (4) where μ is the shear modulus of the matrix BCC Fe (80GPa), is the Burgers vector (0.249nm), N and D are number density and diameter of helium bubble, respectively.
Wang Ji [18] apply α values of 0.4 for He bubbles with diameter of 1.7-3.56 nm and 0.25 for dislocation loops, based on the dispersed barrier-hardening(DBH) model and TEM analysis results of defects size and number density, to predict the hardness increment at 300℃ and 450℃.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Zbigniew Brytan, Wojciech Pakieła
The essential processing parameters include scanning speed, line spacing, defocusing value, and a number of scanning as well as the surrounding atmosphere and sample surface properties like composition and roughness.
The typical surface topography of the 2B surface finish (Fig. 1a) shows visible rounded grains of smooth boundaries and the slip lines visible on the surface (Fig. 1b) formed during plastic deformation.
The cross-slip events and activation of multiple slip systems are also viewable as slip line crossing without deviation on the grain surface.
The typical pickled grains of rough and developed surface topography is visible (Fig. 2a), while the space between grain boundaries is smooth (Fig. 2b).
The steel grains of pickled morphology, with visible holes and cavities, are uniformly covered by dense and compact oxide layer (Fig. 12a) of typical nanogranular morphology and step edges of oxide nuclei arrangement (Fig. 12b).
Online since: January 2009
Authors: H.S. Qi, B. Mills, Xi Peng Xu
In Kopalinsky's work, the contact length was used to quantify several grinding parameters, including the contact area of wheel and workpiece, the size of the heat source and the size of the heat flux of rubbing for calculating the grinding temperatures, the size of a set of active grains on the wheel in contact with the workpiece simultaneously in grinding and the time it took for the set to enter the contact region, the number of active cutting edges in the grinding contact area and the number of active rubbing points in the grinding contact area, and the contact time of individual active cutting grains with the workpiece, which demonstrated the importance of the contact length in the analysis of grinding processes.
And consequently the number of active cutting edges in the grinding contact area becomes 26 instead of 14.
Table 2 Comparison of the results based on different contact length models x based on lc, Eq.(1) y based on lg, Formula (1a) x/y Contact length 3.49 mm 1.88 mm 1.855 Contact area 10.5 mm 2 5.64 mm 2 1.855 Number of active edges 26 14 1.855 Maximum grinding temperature [16] ( ) cw w we lckv av T 1Re2.1 max         = ρ ( ) gw w we lckv av T 1Re2.1 max         = ρ 0.734 Conditions used in the analysis [18]: Workpiece martial: En9; Grinding wheel: WA46J with diameter ds of 177 mm; Depth of cut ae: 0.02 mm; Width of cut b: 3 mm: Wheel speed vs: 40 m/s; Workpiece speed vw: 0.5 m/s; Fn': 10 N/mm; Ks: 6.16 10-6 mm2/N; Kw: 1.36 10-6 mm2/N: Rr = 9 Figure 5 is an overview of the contours of rc-g covering a full range of grinding conditions, from fine grinding, shallow grinding, creep-feed grinding to high speed grinding (i.e. q is from 50 to 10000 and ae is from 0.001 to 50 mm).
In summary, an increase of grinding wheel wear and dullness during grinding processes means not only an increase in the area of the wear flats on its grains, an increase in the negative rake angle of the cutting edges as highlighted by Kopalinsky [18], but also a decrease in the real contact length.
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