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The test results show that the main factors influencing the mechanical characters of geotechnical materials include its type and property, confining pressure, number of cycles, static deviator stress, dynamic stress, vibration frequency, drainage condition, etc.
And then, a number of empirical models have been proposed by considering one or several influencing factors, these models are used to predict cumulative deformation of some geotechnical materials like soft clay, silt, sand, grained soil, and so on.
Among these, the representative model was built by Monismith(1975), which is an exponential model for cumulative plastic deformation of clay under cyclic loading (1) Where, is cumulative plastic strain; is number of cycles; , are fitting parameters.
Cumulative plastic deformation for fine-grained subgrade soils.

In the conclusion of the review of existing methods for processing of carbide waste, it is necessary to describe the shortcomings inherent in these methods: • A large number of stages (all chemical methods) • Poor performance • Partial or total loss of cobalt during processing • Isolation of large amounts of harmful chemical compounds and work with hazardous reagents (chemical methods) • Heavy equipment wear (mechanical grinding) • Iron powder (mechanical grinding) • Difficulty in implementation for small industries due to the need for a large number of different equipment (chemical methods) • Inability to obtain powder of equal or similar in chemical composition to recyclable carbide waste (chemical methods) The method of electro-erosive dispersion is devoid of the shortcomings described above and has great prospects, especially for enterprises that seek to get a full production cycle in one place, including the processing of defective products.
The above installation, despite a number of drawbacks, allowed for electro-erosion dispersion of pieces of bulk material.
Studies show that particles obtained by electroerosion dispersion usually have a subdendritic or highly dispersed dendritic structure with a high density of grains consisting of an oversaturated solid solution of elements and metastable phases.
Setting up the installation and electrolyte selection plays a crucial role in the final grain size.[1] Product Comparison The author [1] obtained a press powder (40% of regenerated VK8 + 60% of ordinary VK8 powder) according to standard technology - kneading with a plasticizer, cold pressing and sintering.

Heating temperature are 1273[K] near sheet temperature before rolling in the actual hot rolling process, production the oxide scale is controlled by changing heating time and aging time, number of hot rolled sheets.
From the results, the crystal grain was seen in the scale surface before rolling, however, after rolling, a grain boundary is indistinct, moreover, although the unevenness was seen in the scale surface before rolling, the surface was made flat after rolling.

Numbers of literatures[6,7,8]suggested that in sinter binding phase calcium ferrite binding phase especially the binding phase of SFCA was the best, which had bettter reducibility and lower RDI.
(a）Porphyritic structure （b）Mgnetite crystalline grains filling with perovskite （c）Local skeleton textune hematite Fig.2 Mineral phases of vanadium-titanium sinter from respectively granulating technology Judging from fig.2,the mineral structure of the respectively granulating Vanadium titanium sinter was non-uniform,its main part was porphyritic structure, part of the magnetite was filled with perovskite between its crystalline grains, and they were cemented by 2CaO·SiO2, so the corrosion structure increasd.

Introduction The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is one of the most serious pest of stored tobacco, tobacco products, cereal grains and processed foods throughout the world [1, 2].
Many Chinese herbal plants are potential sources of pesticides and have exhibited potent toxic bioactivity to stored-grain insects[6, 10].
Each treatment was replicated 5 times and the number of insects present on the control (Nc) and treated (Nt) areas of the discs was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively.

Introduction Measurement of residual stresses in thin films by X-ray diffraction is always a challenge due to weak diffraction signals from the limited diffraction volume, sharp stress or strain gradients, preferred orientation, anisotropic grain shape and inhomogeneous phase and microstructure distribution [1-4].
The samples number 1 to 4 are processed with a pulsed DC power at frequency 100 Hz, duty ratio 20% and voltage 240, 350, 400 and 450V respectively.
Gu, X-ray Residual Stress Measurement in Thin Films with Crystallographic Texture and Grain Shape, Mat.

The melt temperature is directly related to grain growth.
In squeeze casting, fine cellular grain were noticed when melt temperature is near the liquidus temperature of the alloy [4].
Interfacial thermal resistance depends on a number of factors including the thermo physical properties of the melt and mould and the formation of air gap between the casting and the mould.

With prolongation of the soaking time for crystallization, the crystals occur and the equiaxed grains increased.
A great number of interlocking mica crystals in the glass-ceramics prevents macroscopic fracture of these materials during continuous machining [6].
With prolongation of the soaking time for crystallization, the grain size of interlock mica increases.

Quartz sand with a maximum grain size of 2.5 mm was used as aggregate.
Limestone powder with mean grain size of 21.9 µm was used as an admixture to AAS mortar.
Fracture surface of sample which was heated to 600 °C shows a typical structure of AAS binder which is mainly composed of calcium aluminosilicate gel with lots of microcracks formed due to internal drying shrinkage, the number of which increases during heating.

We express sincere thanks to a number of organization such as DSI Inc, USA, Trans Tech Publishers, Switzerland and Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India for supporting student participation from various countries.
Hong, Lin Geng, Goroh Itoh, Yuyuan Zhao Interfaces, Grain Boundaries & Structural Characterization Techniques D.
Hiramatsu, Lei Lu, Kei Ameyama Ultra Fine - Grained Materials R.