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Aqueous Solubilization of Paclitaxel Using Hydrotropic Polymer Micelle Hyun Su Min1,a, Hong Jae Lee2,b , Sang Cheon Lee2,c , Kyoung Hoon Kang3,d, Jaehwi Lee3,e Kinam Park 4,f , and Kang Moo Huh1,g 1 School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea 2 Nanometerials Application Division, KICET, Seoul 153-801, South Korea 3 College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea 4 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, IN47907, USA a hs-min@cnu.ac.kr, bhongjae98@hanmail.net, csclee@kicet.re.kr, dvitakkh@hanmail.net, e jaehwi@cau.ac.kr, fkpark@purdue.edu, gkhuh@cnu.ac.kr Keywords: Polymer micelle, Paclitaxel, Hydrotropic agent, Aqueous solubilization, Drug loading Abstract.
We have developed hydrotropic polymer micelles by introducing diethylnicotinamide (DENA), one of hydrotropic agents effective for solubilizing paclitaxel, into the polymeric structure.
On the other hand, the use of hydrotropic block copolymers was much more effective in solubilizing the drug and the solubility was observed to be significantly dependent on the block structure of the polymers.
Conclusions Hydrotropic block copolymers, consisting of a hydrophilic PEG block and a hydrotropic P(VBODENA) block, were successfully synthesized with controlled block structure by ATRP.
The block structure, especially the block length of P(VBODENA), significantly affects their solubilizing properties.

Goretta3g 1 Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT), 03-195 Warsaw, Poland 2 Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment (ENEA), CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy 3 Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan aadeptula@ ichtj.waw.pl, bwlada@ichtj.waw.pl, ct.olczak@ichtj.waw.pl, dd.wawszczak@ichtj.waw.pl, em.brykala@ichtj.waw.pl, ffabio.zaza@casaccia.enea.it, gken.goretta@aoard.af.mil Keywords: sol-gel processing, thermal treatment, battery, electrode Abstract.
Heating at 750°C for 1 h resulted in formation of the final compounds and crystal structures.
Heating for 6 h or more at 750°C improved significantly the phase purity and structure, most effectively in the cases of LiNi0.5Co0.5O2 and LiNiO2 (Figs. 5-8).
Final structures started to form after a self-ignition step.
Further heating at 750oC for 1 h induced the layered oxide structures to form.

Optical microscope crossing section images of anodic film: (a) anodic film; (b) black coloring for 10min at 90℃ after anodized ;(c) immerging in solution containing 6 %( wt) nitric acid and 1.5 %( wt) chromium trioxide; (d) the second black coloring for 10min at 90℃ SEM images clearly displaying the surface structure of the porous anodic films formed at different treatments (illustrated in Fig.3).
Fig.3 (a), (b), (c), (d) represent the surface structure of the porous anodic films formed at the solution containing180g/L sulfuric acid for 120-180 minutes, the black coloring film which immerge in inorganic ATT dying solution at 90 ℃ for 30min after previous step, the film which immerge in acid solution containing 6 %( wt) nitric acid and 1.5 %( wt) chromium trioxide for 10 min after previous step and the film which immerge in inorganic ATT dying solution for second time respectively.
The anodic film structure and thickness is designed in such a way to provide optimum response for organic coloring.
In the first coloring step ATT dying solution is absorbed in the porous structure.
Materials Chemistry and Physics.

Introduction Diamond is the hardest material and is widely used as cutting, grinding and polishing tools, diamond tools are usually prepared in the form of composite structures, wherein diamond grits are bonded using either a plastic, ceramic, or metallic bonding matrix.
The Cr carbide may be formed by the reaction between Cr and C at elevated temperature, and the corresponding Gibbs free energy (unit: [J]) (T unit: [K]) could be described as follows [5,6]: 2332 CCrCrC =+ T Gm 3.010500−−=∆ (1) 3773 CCrCrC =+ T Gm 39.114200 −−=∆ (2) The brazing temperature should not be excessively high, because the cubic structure of the synthetic diamond can transform into laminar graphite or carbon when exposed to high temperatures (here as the temperature of 1323K).
In brazed processing, owing to the inherent flaws of diamond crystal structure, the crystal lattice vibration intensified at the high temperature.
The structures of the formed compounds were decided by the atomic ratio of C and Cr. the quantity of Cr atoms is insufficiency to form Cr3C2, when Cr atoms sufficient will be able to produce Cr7C3 [7].
Lin: Materials Chemistry and Physics.

Tsubakino1c 1 Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-201, Japan. 2 Asahi Giken Co., Ltd., 214-1 Sugaya, Yano-cho, Aioi, Hyogo 678-0091, Japan.
Cementite has an orthorhombic crystal structure (oP16) with lattice constants of a0=0.509, b0=0.674 and c0=0.453 nm.
While the crystal structure of Cr23C6 is cubic (cF116) with the lattice constant of a0=1.066 nm.
However, the crystal structure of cementite is oP16, therefore (100) reflection must be appear in SADP, which is absent in Fig. 4(c).
Changes in spherical carbides, size, shape and crystal structure during aging is not expected at such a low temperature, although changes in concentrations of solute elements would occur.

Introduction The rapid development of the large steel structure brings a great opportunity for steelmaking industry.
However, as the design requirements improve and the manufacturing technology of the steel structure advances, the requirements for the performance of steel plate which is used to fabricate the steel structure also improve continuously.
Therefore, a new technology to obtain a fine-structured and high-toughness HAZ is developed for the purpose of realizing excellent toughness in a HAZ of HSLA steel for high heat input welding using metallurgical thermodynamics, physical chemistry of metallurgy and material processing methods synthetically in this study.

With a rapid heating rate, raw mix components decomposition or phase transformation overlapped with product formation, imperfect structure reactants take part in reaction quickly, leading to easy occurrence of solid-state reaction.
In a pure system at room temperature, C3S is metastable and has a triclinic structure.
At rising temperaturpolymorphs show first a monoclinic and later rhombohedral structure.
These ions are readily incorporated into the C3S structure [9,10].
Woermann, The crystal chemistry of trica- lcium silicate solid solutions, 5th ISCC, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 61–73

When isolation is adopted in a building, because period of the isolation building is extended and damping ratio of that is increased, earthquake response of structure will decrease.
Table 2 Comparison among test value, theory value and FEM value of the effective horizontal stiffness of the LNR-D1100 isolator of when 100% shear deformation occurs Test value(23ºC) Theory value FEM value Error between the FEM value and the test value 1.873 1.806 1.874 0.05% Some comparation about and can be seen in Table 1 and Table 2, the error between the FEM value, the test value, theory value is rather little, especially , is less than 1%, it is concluded that the FEM model in this paper can reflect well the real structure.
Acknowledgements This research was funded by the Major Research Project of NNSF of China(90815027),Poly-dimensional aseismic and reduce-seimic control research on complicated connection-body structure of Guangzhou(08C43) and Open Foundation Project of Laboratory of Earthquake Mitigation Control and Structural Safety of GU(210407).
Seismic response analysis on base isolated structure[J].
Rubber Chemistry and Technology.

Due to their unique chemical and electrochemical properties, conductive polymers have gained the Nobel Prize in chemistry at 2000 [5].
The morphology and structure of these composites were characterized with FESEM, XRD and FTIR techniques.
The morphology and structure of these composites were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss-LEO Model 1530), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (VERTEX70 infrared spectrometer (using pellets with KBr)) and X-ray Diffraction (Ultima III x-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation) techniques.
Continuously, the excess of aniline monomer polymerize and grow around the formed polymer-silver structures and promoting the agglomeration.
Zarbin, A Simple Two-Phase Route to Silver Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Structures, J.

Table 1 Comparative of Oil Adsorption and Water Adsorption of Different Material Oil absorption materials Oil sickness （mm） Oil adsorption （%） Water adsorption （%） Average oil Adsorption （%） Average water adsorption （%） Oil adsorption/ Water Adsorption(%) Activated Carbon 0.2 36 102 40±7 105±4 37.6 0.4 48 103 0.8 35 110 Absorption cotton 0.2 293 520 259±30 565±54 45.9 0.4 237 626 0.8 247 549 Polyurethane 0.2 536 2895 424±119 3005±95 14.1 0.4 299 3067 0.8 436 3052 2.2 Oil Degradation of Immobilized Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Floating Bed Because PFU has a strong oil absorbing capability, and its porous structure is very suitable for microbes to survive, so consider it as a immobilized carrier to locate oil degrading bacteria TLA-1.
It can be believed that the porous structure of PFU provides a very suitable microenvironment for the oil degrading bacteria TLA-1.
In addition, the porous structure of PFU has a protective effect, from the effects of toxic waste.
PFU porous structure for TLA-1 bacteria provide a suitable microenvironment ensure TLA-1 bacteria can quickly contact and the use of higher concentrations of crude oil matrix, but also from the effects of toxic waste, is very suitable as a carrier fixed efficient immobilization oil degrading bacteria.
Molecular biological access to the chemistry of unknown soil microbes: a new frontier for natural products [J].