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Numbers of literatures[6,7,8]suggested that in sinter binding phase calcium ferrite binding phase especially the binding phase of SFCA was the best, which had bettter reducibility and lower RDI.
(a）Porphyritic structure （b）Mgnetite crystalline grains filling with perovskite （c）Local skeleton textune hematite Fig.2 Mineral phases of vanadium-titanium sinter from respectively granulating technology Judging from fig.2,the mineral structure of the respectively granulating Vanadium titanium sinter was non-uniform,its main part was porphyritic structure, part of the magnetite was filled with perovskite between its crystalline grains, and they were cemented by 2CaO·SiO2, so the corrosion structure increasd.

Introduction The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is one of the most serious pest of stored tobacco, tobacco products, cereal grains and processed foods throughout the world [1, 2].
Many Chinese herbal plants are potential sources of pesticides and have exhibited potent toxic bioactivity to stored-grain insects[6, 10].
Each treatment was replicated 5 times and the number of insects present on the control (Nc) and treated (Nt) areas of the discs was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively.

Introduction Measurement of residual stresses in thin films by X-ray diffraction is always a challenge due to weak diffraction signals from the limited diffraction volume, sharp stress or strain gradients, preferred orientation, anisotropic grain shape and inhomogeneous phase and microstructure distribution [1-4].
The samples number 1 to 4 are processed with a pulsed DC power at frequency 100 Hz, duty ratio 20% and voltage 240, 350, 400 and 450V respectively.
Gu, X-ray Residual Stress Measurement in Thin Films with Crystallographic Texture and Grain Shape, Mat.

The melt temperature is directly related to grain growth.
In squeeze casting, fine cellular grain were noticed when melt temperature is near the liquidus temperature of the alloy [4].
Interfacial thermal resistance depends on a number of factors including the thermo physical properties of the melt and mould and the formation of air gap between the casting and the mould.

With prolongation of the soaking time for crystallization, the crystals occur and the equiaxed grains increased.
A great number of interlocking mica crystals in the glass-ceramics prevents macroscopic fracture of these materials during continuous machining [6].
With prolongation of the soaking time for crystallization, the grain size of interlock mica increases.

Quartz sand with a maximum grain size of 2.5 mm was used as aggregate.
Limestone powder with mean grain size of 21.9 µm was used as an admixture to AAS mortar.
Fracture surface of sample which was heated to 600 °C shows a typical structure of AAS binder which is mainly composed of calcium aluminosilicate gel with lots of microcracks formed due to internal drying shrinkage, the number of which increases during heating.

We express sincere thanks to a number of organization such as DSI Inc, USA, Trans Tech Publishers, Switzerland and Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India for supporting student participation from various countries.
Hong, Lin Geng, Goroh Itoh, Yuyuan Zhao Interfaces, Grain Boundaries & Structural Characterization Techniques D.
Hiramatsu, Lei Lu, Kei Ameyama Ultra Fine - Grained Materials R.

In comparison with conventi -onal materials, nanostructure materials possess superior mechanical and physical properties owing to the fine grain effect, sub-size effect,surface effect and quantum effect of nanometer particles, so addition of nanoparticles into conventional materials has been believed to be a potential way to improve the toughness of ceramics.
Table 1 Chemical composition of the tested cutters (wt%) Tool Ti (C,N) TiN WC Mo Ni C A 49 0 15 15 20 1 B 44 5 15 15 20 1 Table 2 Cutting parameters, tool life and failure mode of all test groups Group number Vc (m/min) f (mm/r) ap (mm) 200 0.1 0.5 300 0.1 0.5 I 400 0.1 0.5 200 0.2 0.5 300 0.2 0.5 II 400 0.2 0.5 200 0.3 0.5 300 0.3 0.5 III 400 0.3 0.5 Results and Discussion Microstructures of the Test Materials.
The tool B has higher transverse rupture strength than that of tool A attributed to its finer grains, while lower hardness (14.7GPa) may be due to the relative lower hardness of TiN compared with that of Ti (C,N).

Table 1: Chemical composition of the S355 steel used and maximum content of elements C% Si% Mn% P% S% Actual composition, bulk material 0.061 0.017 1.14 0.012 0.0072 Actual composition, near surface 0.058 0.017 1.11 0.011 0.0071 Maximum content [5] 0.23 0.05 1.60 0.05 0.05 Microstructure, examined using optical microscopy, was of ferritic-pearlitic type with homogeneous grain size 8 evaluated according to EN ISO 643 standard.
Looking at the S-N curve of the 10 mm sheet, the S-N curve slope is quite shallow, which may be affected by the fact that early breaks, i.e. points on the left side of the diagram, occurred in base material unlike points on the right side, which corresponded to breaks in weld or fusion zone after large number of cycles, even more than 5 million.
It is evident that the surface microstructure is finer than that of the subsurface and bulk material, which is in general for fatigue resistance favourable, but it contains almost pure ferrite unlike bulk material, where cementite is distinctly located along grain boundaries.

Figure 1 shows that the crystallite size reaches its highest value at damp heat time of 999h, which leads to a decrease in grain boundary scattering due to charge carries [5].
Because the grain boundaries of the lattice structure trap oxygen atoms, the number of oxygen vacancies also decreases. 300 400 500 600 700 800 90010001100 Wavelength (nm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Transmittion (%) As-deposited 168 h 336 h 672 h 999 h (a) 300 400 500 600 700 800 90010001100 Wavelength (nm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Transmittion (%) As-deposited 168 h 336 h 672 h 999 h (b) Fig. 5, (a) AZO and (b) GZO films versus each optical transmittance spectra at different time of damp heat treatment.