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Surface Roughness at Wire Electrical Discharge Machining DODUN Oana 1,a, SLĂTINEANU Laurenţiu 1,b, COTEAŢĂ Margareta 1,c, MERTICARU Vasile 1,d and NAGÎŢ Gheorghe 1,e 1 ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, Blvd.
Table 1.
Input factors, codified value/real value Values measured for the parameter Ra, μm Average value for surface rough-ness para-meter Ra, μm Test piece thick-ness, h, mm Pulse on time, tp, μs Pulse off time, tb, μs Wire axial tensile force, Ft, gf Current intensity average ampli-tude, ia, (button position) Travel-ling wire elec-trode speed, vt, mm/min Ra1 Ra2 Ra3 1 1/20 1/2 1/7 1/250 1/1 1/900 1.23 1.15 1.16 1.18 2 1/20 1/2 1/7 2/900 2/9 2/2500 1.70 1.84 1.77 1.77 3 1/20 1/2 2/30 1/250 1/1 2/2500 1.13 1.31 1.16 1.20 4 1/20 1/2 2/30 2/900 2/9 1/900 1.21 1.38 1.37 1.32 5 1/20 2/12 1/7 1/250 2/9 2/2500 1.32 1.49 1.42 1.41 6 1/20 2/12 1/7 2/900 1/1 1/900 1.30 1.44 1.22 1.32 7 1/20 2/12 2/30 1/250 2/9 1/900 2.18 2.29 2.16 2.21 8 1/20 2/12 2/30 2/900 1/1 2/2500 1.20 1.24 1.16 1.20 9 2/40 1/2 1/7 1/250 1/1 2/2500 1.59 1.70 1.75 1.68 10 2/40 1/2 1/7 2/900 2/9 1/900 1.93 1.82 1.89 1.88 11 2/40 1/2 2/30 1/250 1/1 1/900 1.79 1.67 1.73 1.73 12 2/40 1/2 2/30 2/900 2/9 2/2500 1.76 1.57 1.50 1.61 13 2/40
References [1] D.
Aggarwal, Simultaneous optimization of material removal rate and surface roughness for WEDM of WC-Co composite using grey relational analysis along with Taguchi method, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 2 (2011) 479–490

Table 1.
26,08 14,66 25,69 15 26 18,4 0,014 14,4 22,1 12,4 23,1 13,85 24,23 13,74 24,21 16 26 32,6 0,014 15,5 28,2 14,1 24,3 14,25 25,99 14,64 25,03 17 26 25 0,0086 11 19,2 10,8 19 12,03 20,00 11,71 20,03 18 26 25 0,023 17,1 33,2 18,1 31,1 16,48 31,78 17,32 30,45 19 16 25 0,014 13,4 23 12,1 22,5 13,79 24,27 13,79 23,66 20 42,4 25 0,014 14,5 25,8 13,9 25,7 14,35 26,08 14,66 25,69 21 26 18,4 0,014 14,2 22,9 12,6 23,3 13,85 24,23 13,74 24,21 22 26 32,6 0,014 15 28,1 14,6 24,1 14,25 25,99 14,64 25,03 23 26 25 0,0086 11,1 19,2 11 19,6 12,03 20,00 11,71 20,03 24 26 25 0,023 17,6 33,3 18,5 31,8 16,48 31,78 17,32 30,45 Table 2.
15,21 26,54 15 26 18,4 0,014 14,4 22,1 12,4 23,1 12,31 20,32 12,60 21,09 16 26 32,6 0,014 15,5 28,2 14,1 24,3 15,14 28,57 15,01 27,74 17 26 25 0,0086 11 19,2 10,8 19 11,11 19,13 10,80 19,31 18 26 25 0,023 17,1 33,2 18,1 31,1 17,1 31,24 17,81 31,06 19 16 25 0,014 13,4 23 12,1 22,5 13,2 23,05 12,60 22,50 20 42,4 25 0,014 14,5 25,8 13,9 25,7 14,34 25,82 15,21 26,54 21 26 18,4 0,014 14,2 22,9 12,6 23,3 12,31 20,32 12,60 21,09 22 26 32,6 0,014 15 28,1 14,6 24,1 15,14 28,57 15,01 27,74 23 26 25 0,0086 11,1 19,2 11 19,6 11,11 19,13 10,80 19,31 24 26 25 0,023 17,6 33,3 18,5 31,8 17,1 31,24 17,81 31,06 Table 4.
Coefficients in Eq. 1. generated with genetic algorithms EN 18CrNi8 EN 34Cr4 Ft Fr Ft Fr C 21,165 20,637 24,130 23,674 x 0,085 0,116 0,193 0,169 y 0,361 0,595 0,306 0,479 z 0,438 0,498 0,508 0,483 Table 5.
References [1] I.

Experimental 2.1 Used Materials 2.1.1 Cement An artificial Portland cement CEM I 52.5 CP2 in accordance with European standard EN 197-1 [EN 197-1, 2001] [2] has been used.
Compressive Strength 3.1.1.
References [1] P.
Civil Engineering. 1(2)(2013) 68-73
[12] F.De Larrard, Y.Malier, Annales de l’ITBTP. 479 (1989)

In this study, the chemical free energy density of the γ matrix and the γ' precipitate, G m chem and G pchem, are given respectively as: 2 1 m chem 2 1 fWG = , (5) 2 2 p chem )1( 2 1 fWG −= , (6) where W1 and W2 are the coefficients determined by the Gibbs energy calculation based on the sub-lattice model using the thermodynamic database.
The functions h(φi) and g(φi) are selected as: ∑= +− = 4 1 2 3 )]61510([)( i ii i ih φφφφ , (7) ∑ ∑∑ = = ≠ +−= 4 1 4 1 4 22 2 2 ])1([)( i i ij ji ii ig φφαφφφ
The γ' phase is expressed as the white area in Fig. 1.
References [1] Y.
Forum Vols. 475-479 (2005), p. 619

Introduction The fundamentals of the dislocation motion modeling were laid in the middle of the last century [1-7].
Fig. 1.
The velocity of the dislocation loop, calculated using the model [17] taking into account (curve 1) and without taking into account (curve 3) the intensity of the point defect generation using the model [18] (curve 2) at different moments of time from its emission by a dislocation source, with: а – 1×10-9, b– 2×10-7, c – 3,4×10-7, d – 5×10-7, e – 1×10-6, f – 3×10-6, g – 6×10-6, h – 9×10-6, i – 1,1×10-5 The velocity of the edge dislocation, calculated using the mathematical model [17], asymptotically approaches to stationary value (Fig. 1a,d, curve 7), the radius of the dislocation increases almost linearly (Fig. 1, b, curve 7) while the dislocation motion is not limited.
References [1] A.J.E. 
Ivanchin, Structural levels of deformation in solids, Structural levels of deformation of solids, Soviet Physics Journal. 25, 6 (1982) 479-497

Fig. 1.
Step7: t = t + 1.
If t = (E + 1) N, E = E + 1.
Table 1.
(Filter) DS1 147 0.1 25 19 12 DS2 479 0.06 105 67 93 By using ‘normal’ type training data, the norm profile for anomaly detection can be obtained.

The applied experimental protocol was the following: Step 1.
The curves correspond to immersion times of 0 min (a), 1 min (b), 2 min (c), 4 min (d), 8 min (e), 30 min (f), 1h (g), 6h (h), 1 day (i) and 6 days (j)
Normalised 110 oC TL Intensity 1,0 160 110 oC TL (a.u.
References [1] L.L.
Meas. 23 (1994) 471-479

The molar ratio of H2O2 to NR was calculated to 3:1.
In addition, synthesized GO revealed OH stretching from hydroxyl group at 3400 cm-1, carbonyl stretching from carboxylic acid at 1700 cm-1, C-C stretching from aromatic ring of graphene structure at 1600 cm-1 and C-O-C stretching from epoxide group at 1000-1200cm-1.
References [1] E.
Zarbin, Multifunctional and environmentally friendly nanocomposites between natural rubber and graphene or graphene oxide, Carbon, 78 (2014) 469-479
Nanomater., 2015 (2015) 1-7

This paper addresses the study on ion-exchange process to remove hexavalent selenium in raw water. 1 Methodology and material 1.1Experimental device The experiment consists of static and dynamic tests.
In the range from 1 to 300μg/L, the testing linearity is high.
Tel:0086-0871-3801078 (86)13908845718 References [1]Rege,M.A.
Bioeng.62(4):479-484
Journal of Water Supply,58(1),51-56.

After 1 hour at the melting temperature, the glass is poured into a preheated graphite mould and annealed at 850-950°C for 1 h prior to slow furnace cooling [11].
Figure 1 shows the glass forming region in the Y-SiAl-O-N system [8].
The properties of the parent glasses are presented in table 1.
The strength of the oxynitride glass after treatment at Tg-20°C (344 MPa) is twice the strength measured on the non-treated glass and after treatment at Tg+20°C is three times higher (479 MPa).
References [1] K.H.