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In the fact, a large number of algorithms are iterative process significant and have a dependency relation data.
The new framework will Map (Reduce) phase is divided into a number of synchronization in Parallel Layer, Parallel Layer asynchronous parallel tasks, Parallel Layer to complete data interaction between tasks using the message passing mechanism.
A number of parallel tasks can be mutually by dividing the input sets no communication cost independent execution.
Barrier Grid is the global coarse grain size controllable synchronization mechanism, using Barrier Grid a parallel tasks can be divided into a plurality of continuous loosely synchronized Parallel, Layer, Parallel in Figure 1 Layer0 and Parallel Layer1.
But, compared with the original Hadoop parallel computing framework for [12], parallel computing framework to support the improved BSP model also introduces some new cost: First of all, coarse-grained Barrier Grid synchronization makes the overall execution time of a single Parallel Layer is sensitive to the single most slow to complete the task, the inconsistent state task completion time unusual problems can make use of [1] Speculative Execution Hadoop mechanism, using the backup task redundancy execution effectively, and the computing and communication of multiple tasks a Parallel Layer concurrency is overlapping execution, so the price can further be a Parallel Layer asynchronous parallel multiple tasks amortization; secondly, a new cost model of Barrier Grid synchronization is a potential may result in decreased performance bottleneck, however, actually improved in the Barrier model Grid synchronization is implicit Barrier Grid model in multiple MR inter-procedural Map and Reduce phase

Next, a number of hardfacing was 1-3 layers.
The polished surface that was a mirror-like was chemically etched by 5% nitral solution for revealing a grain boundary and grain details.
This hardness of the weld metal was also increased with an increase of the hardfacing weld metal layer number and showed the maximum hardness at the 3rd layer of the hardfacing weld metal (Top surface).
This effect showed the maximum hardness at the top surface of the high number of the welding layer where the chemical composition was approached by the electrode materials and also showed the lower one at the base metal [17].

., Voronoi tessellation method, cellular automata grain growth algorithm, sphere growth algorithm, and image analysis methods.
In the developed Matlab codes, the main control and input parameters include the dimensional type of the problem (2-D or 3-D), the sizes of the 2-/3-D materials model which can be shaped as circle, square, and rectangle in 2-D cases, and cylinder, cube, and brick for 3-D cases, the total type numbers of cell size, the total numbers of cells at each size, and the radius of cells at each cell, etc., for such an inverse problem.
By this way, the dimensions and the positions of the elementary cell could be easily defined using an algorithm for the generation of a set of random numbers.
Krill, Computer simulation of 3-d grain growth using a phase field model,ActaMaterialia, (2002), Vol. 50, pp. 3057-3073

The large beam-spot size compared to X-rays or electrons (on the order of several millimeters rather than hundreds of micrometers) results in a typical probed volume of about 0.5cm3, providing diffracted neutrons from hundreds of grains, even for grain sizes in the millimeter regime.
The subsections at left refer to the number of foils placed in the beam; one foil is 76µm, therefore "2" would be 152µm, etc.
Although the value for copper agrees well, these numbers from calculation are about half those refined by GSAS for the rolled rare earth foils.
Although the Uiso value could be manually set to a calculated number from the Debye temperature of a material and held fixed during the refinement, this may invalidate results obtained for other parameters.

Their characteristics are that they have very high color index, show dark brown, dust and black appearance, the index could reach 2 000 to 40 000 times (dilution times); high COD concentration (100–90 000 mg/L); high NH3–N concentration (6–10 000 mg/L); heavy metal content is always low with the landfill leachate produced by general garbage, but when industrial refuse and household garbage are missed landfill, the dissolution number of heavy metal is markedly increased[2].
Table 1 Water quality of leachate Water–quality index pH COD/(mg·L-1) NH3–N/(mg·L-1) BOD5/(mg·L-1) Color index Indication range 7.20–8.02 699.83–2424.05 144.45–455.82 142.2–557.07 150–450 Test Apparatus The landfill leachate had the catalytic oxidation reaction in a steel reactor (80mm inside diameter and 350mm altitude), the model number of ozonater was 3S–A3, the ozone volume was measured by wet gas flow meter (LML–2), it was charged through micoporous aeration head in the reactor, the off gas was absorbed by potassium iodide solution.
Catalyst Preparation Five kinds heavy metal were used they were Chromium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, their chloride were dissolved separately with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L, when the supported metal catalyst is being prepared, coarse metal grains could easily get with high concentration for dipping, and there is a narrow size distribution with catalytic metal grains, in order to conquer those defect, the low concentration maceration extract are commonly used for repeatedly dipping [4]).
While the reason for the decline removal rates, it maybe that a large number of small molecules are produced at the end, they could be easily oxidized by potassium dichromate, thus the test of the COD are larger; the ammonia nitrogen were made from the route of macromolecular oxidize to the micromolecule; the oxidation–reduction potential of •OH is 2.8V higher than 1.33V for the potassium dichromate [9–10], the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is increased, this proved that the ammonia nitrogen could be oxidized by .OH, when the five kinds of catalyst are compared each other.

The low thermal conductivity of titanium alloys causes superheating in the HAZ, increases the grain size and produces residual stresses in the HAZ, exerting a negative effect [7].
Fig. 5(a) and (b) show the evolution of cyclic stress amplitude as a function of the number of cycles at different strain amplitudes in the aging and STA conditions, respectively.
(b) (a) Fig. 5 Stress amplitude vs. the number of cycles at different total strain amplitudes in the (a) aging condition, and (b) STA condition.
Fig. 6 Total strain amplitude as a function of the number of cycles to failure in the aging and STA conditions.
Lindley, The effect of grain orientation on fracture morphology during high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V, Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 3584-3595

Of special interest is a recent publication dealing with the magnetic exchange bias of more than 1T observed in the grains of titanoheamatite (FeTiO3 bearing Fe2O3) mineral [1].
IH series were studied processing ceramic samples of a large number of compositions to understand their structural, magnetic and electrical properties [13, 21].
The grains are well developed and homogenous.
The process can be cycled infinite number of times and controlled switching can be programmed and predicted precisely.
We have provided a large number of references for the benefit of those who might be interested in studying this fascinating system.

The effects of the speed, feed rate, depth of cut, grain size, number of passes and oil effect on the grinding of mostly mild steels and alloyed steels are studied [7-13].
There are numbers of studies on the grinding results of various materials mostly including carbon steels and alloyed steels, but a very limited work is carried out on plastic moulding steels by Taguchi method [5, 7, and 12].
Depth of cut was found more important, whereas the grinding speed, grain size, cutting fluid concentration and number of passes are insignificants when grinding heat treated AISI 4140 steel [7].

Main Contents of Grinding Process Simulation As a complex physical process, grinding process is subject to a number of input factors and produces a variety of physical and mechanical phenomena.
Suto and Sata [2, 3] by measuring the number of effective abrasive and wear area to get the grinding wheel topography.
Hegeman [6] found the shape of abrasive grains was more closely resemble the shape of ellipsoid rather than spherical by SEM photographs.
The results show that the algorithm using coupled FEM and SPH can simulate the deformation of any material cutting layer, while avoiding a large number of SPH particle calculation of time-consuming.
Klocke given a model for single grain scratching on 1st European Conference on grinding in 2003, shown as in Fig.8.Yu Siyuan, Lin Bin and Han Xuesong [23, 24] studied a single crystal silicon ultra-precision grinding of molecular dynamics computer simulation.

However, the columnar growth of CVD diamond results in a polycrystalline nature and the grain sizes increase with film thickness.
The 1.4cm-1 shift to a higher wave number indicates a compressive residual stress on the PCD specimen, because the Raman band of diamond moves to higher wave number shifts with increasing applied pressure. 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 1333.4 Intensity (a.u.)
It was found that the original pyramidal crystallites diminished, numerous deepening pits overspread from the protuberant faces to the grain boundaries.
The 2.63cm-1 shift to a lower wave number indicated a tensile stress on the diamond. 1597.9cm -1 was characterized as graphite band.