Synthesis of β-Phase GeO₂ Nanoparticles and their High Pressure Studies

Abstract:

We fabricated mono-dispersed β-quartz GeO₂ by microemulsion synthesis at room temperature. The obtained particles were 300 nm sized GeO₂ walnut and hollow waxberry shaped GeO₂ which were consisted of nanosphere with average size of 20 nm. The evolution of high pressure studies were devoted in a diamond anvil (DAC) cell by Angle Dispersed X-ray Diffraction (ADXD) at room temperature. A phase transformation of β-GeO₂ to amorphous GeO₂ was detected in walnut GeO₂, while the waxberry GeO₂ was found to transform to monoclinic phase directly. It is strongly suggested that size effect played a key role in the high-pressure transformation from the amorphous and monoclinic phase. By fitting the compression data to the BirchMurnaghan equation of state, the bulk moduli of the walnut and waxberry shaped β-GeO₂ particles were determined to be 33±5, and 38±4 GPa with B₀ = 3, respectively.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 834-836)
• Pages: 37-41
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.834-836.37
• Online since: October 2013
• Authors: Xu Zou*, Wei Wu, Ran Liu, Ze Peng Li, Quan Jun Li, Bing Bing Liu
• Keywords: 20 nm, Amorphous, GeO₂, High-Pressure, Monoclinc, β-Phase

References

[1] Z. G. Bai, D. P. Yu, H. Z. Zhang, Y. Ding, Y. P. Wang, X. Z. Gai, Q. L. Hang, G. C. Xiong and S. Q. Feng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 303, 311-314.

[2] X. C. Wu, W. H. Song, B. Zhao, Y. P. Sun and J. J. Du, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 349, 210-214.

[3] H. P. Wu, J. F. Liu, M. Y. Ge, L. Niu, Y. W. Zeng, Y. W. Wang, G. L. Lv, L. N. Wang, G. Q. Zhang and J. Z. Jiang, Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 1817-1820.

[4] X. Chen, Q. Cai, J. Zhang, Z.Y. Chen, W. Wang, Z. Y. Wu and Z. H. Wu, Mater. Lett. 2007, 61, 535-537.

[5] Y. W. Chiu and M. H. Huang, J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 6056-6060.

[6] V. V. Atuchin, T. A. Gavrilova, S. A. G., Vitalii G. Kostrovsky, | L. D. Pokrovsky, I. B. Troitskaia, R. S. Vemuri, G. Carbajal-Franco and C.V. Ramana, Cryst. Growth. Des., 2009, 9, 1829-1832.

DOI: 10.1021/cg8010037

[7] S. H. Tolbert and A. P. Alivisatos Science 265 374 (1994).

[8] S. B. Qadri, J. Yang, B. R. Ratna, E. F. Skelton and J. Z. Hu Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2205 (1996).

[9] J. Haines, J. M. Leger and C. Chateau Phys. Rev. B 61, 8701 (2000).

[10] S. Kawasaki, O. Ohtaka and T. Yamanaka Phys. Chem. Minerals 20, 531 (1993).

[11] J. P. Itie, A. Polian, G. Calas, J Petiau, A Fontaine and H Tolentino Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 398 (1989).

[12] H. Wang, J. P. Liu, P. Wu, Y. He, W. Chen, Y. Wang, Y. W. Zeng, Y. W. Wang, C. J. Luo, J. Liu, D. Hu, K. Stahl and J. Z. Jiang J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18, 10817 (2006).

DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/48/008

[13] V. V. Brazhkin, A. G. Lyapin, R. N. Voloshin, S. V. Popova, E. V. Tat'yanin, N. F. Borovikov Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 145503 (2003).

[14] K. Jacobs, D. Zaziski, E. C. Scher, A. B. Herhold, A. P. Alivisatos Science, 293, 1803 (2001).

DOI: 10.1126/science.1063581

[15] S. K. Deb, M. Wilding, M. Somayazulu, P. F. McMillan. Nature 414, 528 (2001).

[16] P. F. McMillan, M. Wilson, D. Daisenberger, D Machon, Nat. Mater. 4, 680 (2005).

[17] A. Di. Cicco, A. Congeduti, F. Coppari, J. C. Chervin, F. Baudelet, A. Polian, Phys. Rev. B 78, 033309 (2008).

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.78.033309

[18] (a) T. G. Nieh, J. Wadsworth, Scrip. Metal. Mater., 25, 955(1991) (b) Z W Wang and Q X Guo J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 4286, (2009).

[19] (a) Z. P. Li, B. B. Liu, S. D. Yu, J. H. Wang, Q. J. Li, B. Zou, and T. Cui, Z. X. Liu, Z. Q. Chen J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 357, (2011).

[20] (a) J. Glinnenmann Jr HE, King, H. Shultz, T. Hahn, S. J. L. Placa, F. Dacol Z Kristallogr 198 177 (1992) (b) J. D. Jorgensen J. Appl. Phys. 49, 5473 (1978).

[21] Z. Wang, S. K. Saxena, V. Pischedda, H. P. Liermann, C. S. Zha, Phys. Rev. B 64 012102(2001).

[22] J. Z. Jiang, J. Staun Olsen, L. Gerward and S. Mørup Europhys. Lett. 44 620(1998).