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With increasing the fraction of small powders, the number and size of the pores decreased because small powders filled up the pores between large powders.
To investigate the preferred orientation of grains, XRD analyses are carried out and then the results illustrated Fig. 2.
As the fraction of the small powder increased, small powders filled up the pores and then the number and size of the pores decreased and improved the bonding between powders.
However, the increase of the electrical resistivity at above PL:PS=80:20 could be explained that the carrier mobility decreased due to the the random orientation of powders and carrier scattering by grain boundaries.
The thermal conductivity κ is composed of the electronic thermal conductivity κel and phonon thermal conductivity κph: κ = κel + κph κel is related to electrical conductivity σ by the Wiedemann-Franz law: κel = L0σT = L0T / ρ where L0 is the Lorenz number.

• Cold-water thawing: the most economic deep thawing technique, but should be confined to coarse-grained soils.
Electrical thawing is most suited to fine-grained soils
Each frame has the same number and type of sensors, all of which are internally aligned to each other (sensor-to-sensor).
The numbering corresponds to Table 1 and Fig. 5.
The numbers of the sensors, their small vertical spacing and high sensitivity, allows for detection of minute changes in soil temperature and moisture levels.

Again, conventional material can suffer from hard and soft regions, sometimes with macrozones (effective structural units of grain clusters) up to millimetres in size.
In fact, due to the fine-grained material and random texture, forging is commonly much easier than when using conventional titanium alloy billet feedstock from the VAR process which has more heterogeneous textures due to the convoluted strain paths during open die forging.
A number of titanium alloys have now been processed through the FAST-roll route.
S.L. was also supported by Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) [grant number DSTLX-1000148418].
The EPSRC for funding equipment in the Henry Royce Institute at Sheffield, grant numbers EP/R00661X/1 and EP/P02470X/1, is also gratefully acknowledged.

The capabilities of these materials are related to the manifestation of shape memory effect, which has already been successfully used to create a number of next-generation devices and equipment in aerospace products, instrumentation, electronics, medicine and biotechnology, [3].
Equipment for Technology One of the effective ways to form layered nanostructure composition using shape memory materials on the engineering products is a high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying (HVOF), which has a number of advantages: a high deposition rate, coating of large items, increased adhesion properties.
The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation (patent number № 2475567, № 2502829, № 2402628) and awarded with the Gold Medal of the International Salon of Inventions and Innovation Technologies "Archimedes-2014", with the Bronze Medal of the International Exhibition of Inventions "Concours Lepine - 2014", Paris, France.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of HVOF parameters on the adhesion strength with the substrate of the formed TiNiCu surface layers (Fig. 3a, b.) and on the characteristics of the surface layer quality: the grain size and porosity (Fig. 3, c, d).
a) b) c) d) e) f) Fig. 3 Effect of high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying parameters on the properties of the surface layers made of shape memory alloys - a, b); structure of Ti51Ni44Cu5 surface layer - c); quantitative analysis of the grain size in Ti51Ni44Cu5 layer structure - d); X-ray – e); the content of pores in the coating – f).

A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.
It also consists of a number of nVIDIA CUDA enabled applications in several domains namely molecular dynamics, bio-informatics, life sciences and physics.
· Chemical Domain RedMD: Software to perform molecular dynamics simulations for coarse-grained models of proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes.
· Use of the Application Execution Model has reduced the average number of steps required for executing a parallel application on Linux.
Conclusion A number of key issues and trends in High Performance Computing will impact the delivery of breakthrough science and engineering in the future.

The stabilization and enhancement of the engineering properties of fine and coarse grained soil has heavily relied on reinforcement and admixture materials.
This feature of the design allows it to be utilized for many factors in a single process and can reduce the number of runs [25].
The equation N = 2k (k − 1) + C is utilized to calculate the required number of experimental runs (N), where the center point is C while k represents the number of factors.
The characteristic of the Box–Behnken design that sets it apart from other surface designs is such that it has higher efficiency where the design efficiency of one experiment is taken as the number of coefficients in the estimated model divided by the number of experiments [32].
Yetimoglu, Strength behavior of fine grained soil reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 30(1) (2012) 197-203

Also obtaining new data may be beneficial to understand the behavior of geosynthetics particularly in engineering projects where the use of fine grained soil is of prime concern.
Grain-size distribution curve of the used materials is shown in Figure 2.
The Number of Geogrid Layers (N).
However, the increase rate decreases with an increase in the number of reinforcement layers.
However, the increase rate decreases with an increase in the number of reinforcement layers. 7.

In addition, where porous materials are taken into account, the preferential orientation of the beads or grains of the porous structure are often neglected.
If the number of iteration most be minimized and faster convergence is to be achieved, then the product εt=4.7.
As a result, the porous medium becomes isotropic a=1 and the effect of the preferential orientation of the grain beads of the porous passages on the fluid flow becomes insignificant.
At the cold and static plate however, Nusselt number increases with thermal stratification parameter S as seen in figs. 12.0(b) and 13.0(b).
Fedorovich, Prandtl number dependence of unsteady natural convection along a vertical plate in a stably stratified fluid.

From the figure 4 (a) and (a') can be observed that corroded hole is obvious on the Ti plate surface, the number of holes per unit area is sparse, and the arrangement is not closely.
The number of holes was increased furtherly in Figure 4 (c) and (c'), some holes even connected as a whole, so that the surface has a flake off.
When the the electrolysis time is longer, the number of holes on the surface of the Ti plate is larger, which even leads to the loss of the surface of the electrode.
It shows that the electrode surface is compact and smooth, and grain distribution is uniform and dense, with good morphology.
Through La doping elements, the crystal type of electrode has been improved, makes the grain fine density.

The effects of different process parameters such as number of cycles, concentration of abrasive, abrasive mesh size and media flow speed, surface finish are studied here.
Furthermore we can express surface roughness as a function of abrasive concentration in media, number of cycles, abrasive mesh size and media flow speed.
Through ANOVA technique can investigate any number of factors, which are hypothesized or said to influence the dependent variable.
Sum of Squares due to Each Factor (SSA): The sum of squares due to each factor is calculated using the formula: Ka (8) Where, nAi = number of observations under Ai level, T = sum of all observations; N = total number of observations, Analysis of Experiments The analyses of experiments were carried out.
Lal, Experimental investigation into cutting forces and active grain density during abrasive flow machining, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 44 (2004) 201–211