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This study takes one-order DCM Boost as examples, time irreversibility and block entropy of different word lengths in DC-DC converters are analyzed by using coarse-grained discretization.
The frequency of the ith word is defined as (8) Where C(i) is the number of times which the ith word appears, T is the time sum of all encoding words.

Modelling the spike formation The Occam’s razor rule suggests we should interpret our experimental results with a minimal number of hypothesis.
It is known that solute interaction energies with grain boundaries are well correlated to the size effect of the solute atom.
This allows a ranking of the solute atoms in terms of increasing binding energies to the grain boundaries and, in the absence of any more detailed information, it is expected that the same classification (though with different binding energies) should hold for interactions with the interphase boundary.

Join the expanded pearlite can increased the number of activated particles, increased the combined capacity of CO2 in the gas.
Distribution solid glass bead mosaic is mosaic or float to quartz and lablet anorthote surface, there are some grained mullite and minor fibrous wollastonite; sticky glass vitreum nearly swaddle all raw material grains and some sintered new born substance, these substance claspor or adhere to become a solid, so that, the brick strength improved.
Tab. 3 Results of Orthogonal Experiments Sample number Roasted Temperature （℃） Fly ash admix rate （%） Coal gangue admix rate （%） strength（MPa） Heat conduction coefficient W/(m·K) Compressive Bending B1 950 40 55 26.25 4.1 0.448 B2 850 40 55 19.75 2.5 0.473 B3 750 40 55 15.25 1.9 0.571 B4 950 50 45 24.75 4.2 0.406 B5 850 50 45 18.25 2.7 0.428 B6 750 50 45 14.75 2.5 0.552 B7 950 60 35 30.25 5.8 0.400 B8 850 60 35 20.50 3.6 0.431 B9 750 60 35 16.50 3.0 0.506 Lasting quality of the insulation brick We test the lasting quality of the insulating brick according to the principle of 《sintering general brick》( GB5101-2000 ) to test the lasting quality of the insulation brick.
Tab.4 Experimental results of insulation brick acidproof, alkaliproof, freezing performance Sample number Weight loss（%） Compressive loss （%） Bending loss（%） Freezing and thawing 0.82 2.7 1.2 Acid-resisting preformance 1.8 11.5 8.0 Alkali-resisting preformance 1.6 8.5 6.1 Conclusions (1)The roasting temperature of insulation brick (B7) is 300℃ lower than the solid clay brick, belong to low-temperature roasting process， (2) The content of fly ash in roasting insulation brick is 65％, the roasting temperature is 950 ℃,belong to once simple process , the performance of B7 can come up to the traditional clay solid brick classy rank(MU30)

Table1 Dimension and numbers of samples Processing project Dimension：thick × wide ×long [mm] Numbers of samples [piece] Planning 19×102×910 30 Sanding 10×102×305 Testing and Evaluation Method.
The testing results showed that defects became more serious and the number of defects was increasing substantially with the feeding speed increasing.
The machining quality of Toona sinensis and Castanopsis hystrix near the sub could be improved significantly through sanding, and planning defects(burr, chipped grain, raised grain, etc ) were significantly removed at the same time, so sanding was a necessary processing for Toona sinensis and Castanopsis hystri after planning.

Principle of Electrical Parameter Calculation Virtual values of the voltage v (t), current i (t) with period T are defined as: , (1) If the number of sampling points per period is N, the sampling interval is , and the k-th sampling values are and .
There is still a large number of non-seize in the kernel, and the limited schedule times make the new effected scheduler not fully.
Implementation of Fine-grained Timer.
The easiest way to realize the fine-grained timer is to increase the frequency of the timer, and the shortcomings of this method are obvious: it will seriously reduce the performance of the system for substantially increasing the timer of the interrupt services in the routine processor time.
If f (K0) <0, f (K1)> 0, linear f (t) between K0 and K1, then the following equations will be get: (6) (7) Count the number of break point KM from K1, and find the second positive zero crossing with the same method, to calculate Δt2, and the signal period T = 80 (M-2) + Δt1 + Δt2(ms).

Temperature variations in solution heat treatment can affect the value of hardness and grain roughness of the 7075 series aluminum microstructure.
Result and Discussion Tensile Test Results Tensile tests were carried out with the number of specimens 2 in each condition, with the following results in Table 1.
The large number of empty lattice areas generated as a result of the dyeing process is influenced by the large cooling rate that occurs during immersion.
This is due to the temperature of the solution heat treatment which is getting closer to the melting point and the soaking time which exceeds the thickness limit of the specimen, causing an increase in the diameter of the constituent atomic grains and causing a decrease in tensile strength.
Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture under the PKKM program 2021 (Program Kompetisi Kampus Merdeka) with grant number: 55/E1/KM.05.03/2021 (June, 17th 2021).

The number of possible compositions for HEAs is much larger than that for conventional alloys, which opens new possibilities for exploring novel materials with tailored properties.
Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of melts to enhance the chemical homogeneity and control the cooling rate during crystallization.
The configurational entropy of mixing for a regular solution alloy can be calculated as: , (2) where is the atomic fraction of the i-th component, R is the universal gas constant, and n is the number of components.
Another reason for this difference in microhardness apparently consists in the fact that the MQ Al4CoCrCuFeNi HEA films were far from the equilibrium state and had a microstructure that was characterized by a higher level of microdeformations, dislocation density, and smaller grain sizes, in contrast to the as-cast samples, which were in a more equilibrium state.
Salishchev, et al., Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Superplastic Deformation of the Fine-Grained AlCoCrCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy, Mater.

Kraft also pointed out that a number of the new processes could result in products that eliminate some of the current ingot metallurgy processing steps (Figure 1), hence giving a greater cost reduction than from lower extraction costs per se.
Recently, low-cost metal mold titanium castings have been developed that exhibit finer grain sizes and much lower alpha case (oxygen-enriched surface regions).
This process, developed from plastic injection molding, is capable of producing very complex parts generally less than 500 g in weight in large numbers (Figures 9 and 10).
Minor perturbations to existing titanium alloy formulations-adding as little as 500 to 1,000 parts per million boron-have been shown to alter the intrinsic processing response of titanium alloys leading to a radical shift in the manufacturing process paths including dramatic reduction or elimination of ingot breakdown enabled by an order-of-magnitude decrease in the ascast grain size, and relaxing constraints in secondary manufacturing processes resulting in lower cost titanium APPLICATIONS Traditionally by far the major application for titanium and its alloys has been in the aerospace industry (7,8).
Titanium armor is being specified for a number of military vehicles.

Column number 1 2 3 COD removal rate （%） factors Amount of doped zinc amount of doped lanthanum Calcination temperature（℃） 1 1（1%） 1（0.1%） 1（400） 63.3 2 1（1%） 2（0.2%） 2（450） 64.9 3 1（1%） 3（0.3%） 3（500） 72.1 4 2（2%） 1（0.1%） 2（450） 77.9 5 2（2%） 2（0.2%） 3（500） 79.5 6 2（2%） 3（0.3%） 1（400） 84.6 7 3（3%） 1（0.1%） 3（500） 83.4 8 3（3%） 2（0.2%） 1（400） 85.2 9 3（3%） 3（0.3%） 2（450） 86.1 Ⅰj 200.3 224.6 233.1 Ⅱj 242 229.6 228.9 Ⅲj 254.7 242.8 235 R 54.4 18.2 6.1 2.2 Determination of the photocatalytic properties DIY an organic glass reactor, on whose top centre three UV lamps (20W, 254nm) with aluminum foil sealed are fixed.
Taking the same number of beakers, respectively put 200mL sample water of the reactive dyes and 0.25g of the catalyst powder into each beaker and stir it under UV irradiation.
The diffraction peak of ZnO-TiO2 looks relatively wider than that of pure TiO2’s, which means that the crystal grain size of ZnO-TiO2 decreases.
With the Scherrer formula, it can be figured out that the crystal grain sizes of pure TiO2 and ZnO-TiO2 are respectively 16.2mm and 8.9mm.So we can know that the doping of ZnO suppresses the growth of the TiO2 crystal.
On the other hand, probably due to the high concentration of reactive brilliant blue X-BR, the number of • OH it produces is limited.

Therefore, the TiO2 films include a large number of C atoms may cause to decrease the transparent of TiO2 films, and -OH groups on the surface cause to unstable of the TiO2 films.
From the SEM images, it is found that the grain size increased with increasing the annealing temperature.
Fig. 4(a)~(d) show the microstructure of the surface that annealed from 200 to 900°C, the grain size of the TiO2 films were increased from 0.74 nm to 2.81 nm.