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Table 2 Results of orthogonal experiments Trial number Factors Content of ceria in the product (wt %) hydrochloric acid concentration A (mol/L) Reaction time B (min) Reaction temperature C (ºC) 1 1 30 25 56.47 2 1 45 35 56.70 3 1 60 45 56.97 4 2 30 35 64.11 5 2 45 45 70.77 6 2 60 25 65.30 7 3 30 45 72.40 8 3 45 25 68.03 9 3 60 35 72.51 K1 170.14 192.99 189.81 K2 200.18 195.51 193.32 K3 212.94 194.79 200.13 K1/3 56.71 64.33 63.27 K2/3 66.73 65.17 64.44 K3/3 70.98 64.93 66.71 R 14.27 0.84 3.44 In the leaching process, the content of ceria was affected by many factors, such as solid-liquid ratio, concentration of hydrochloric acid (A), time (B) and temperature (C) of leaching etc.
This conclusion coincided with the trend of increasing grain size in the SEM micrographs shown in Fig. 3.
The sample calcined at 800 ºC (Fig. 3b), grain growth was obvious, and the particle size was more than 150 nm.

Phases of the Manufacturing Process During all the test the material grain direction was taken into account, with the aim of the fatigue tests had the same test conditions.
Hence the importance of taking into account in the fatigue tests the grain direction.
Fig. 6 shows the number of cycles to breakage (N) as a function of feed for the different cutting speeds applied.

From a large number of experimental results, it can be concluded that copper or chrome-copper can be welded with copper-tungsten, but some of the products have fracture face at the junction, and the bending angle is less than 90 degrees.
The width of welding seam is about 2mm.Because of fine grain there is not a clear grain boundary between base metal, closely integrated with each other and no defect.

It is also found that the nickel silicide has two layers: the top layer is polycrystalline phase with the grain size of a few hundred nm and the bottom layer is composed of granule phase.
No noticeable pile-up of carbon at either silicide interfaces or grain boundaries were observed by EDX analysis.
It has been known that diffusion coefficient takes a minimum value at an exact stoichiometric composition and takes larger values at non-stoichiometric compositions due to the concentration dependence of the number of structural point defects [10].

Due to the high safety requirements to modern cars, the number of hot stamped components per vehicle increases and accordingly, the OEM's and tier-one-suppliers expand their manufacturing capacities.
The sheet that is inserted into the tool still has to have a fully austenitic grain structure.
Investigations have shown that even with very short dwell times at 950 °C a fully austenitic grain structure could be obtained.

Table 1: Compositions with substitution of quartz by POFA (wt %) Mix Number Clay Feldspar Quartz POFA AF1 50 25 25 0 AF2 50 25 20 5 AF3 50 25 15 10 AF4 50 25 10 15 AF5 50 25 5 20 AF6 50 25 0 25 Results & Discussion X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is proficient in analyzing material contents inside POFA, hence the amount of SiO2 can be observed.
As seen from the figure, the grain sizes were big due to fine matrix of decomposed of clay, feldspar, and quartz minerals (Fig. 2a) and the microstructure were changed from a matrix with irregularly shaped interconnected pores to a more compact matrix (Fig. 2b).
Influence of the grain size of alumina in the glaze of fast-fired porcelain tiles.

Momentum equation for the mixture can pass through the all phase momentum equation and obtain their demand, can be expressed as: (2) (3) Wherein, n is the number of phases,is the volume force, is viscosity of mixture, is drift velocity of phase k.
As can be seen from the Fig.6, the separation efficiency will increases with imported grain size.
At the same time, the two curves in figure, also can see: the average import grain size at the same time, the dispersed phase (oil) density for the separation efficiency is 0.82kg/m3 high than density 0.86kg/m3, visible separation of oil phase density smaller more conducive to cyclon.

This quasi-brittle behaviour is due to the existence of a number of different types of toughening mechanisms that shield the growth of the crack inside the fracture zone.
The refractory ceramic is composed of alumina (Al2O3, 56 wt%) and mullite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2, 43.5 wt%) grains, with a crystalline phase present at the grain boundaries and some traces of iron oxide (Fe2O3, 0.1 wt%) [7].

However, Wakai et al. have found that the ceramics indicate superplastic deformation at an elevated temperature by grain refinement of its microstructure [2].
Acknowledgement This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Grant number 24560888.
Manabe, Grain Refinement by Combined ECAE/Extrusion and Dieless Drawing Processes for AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Tubes, Mater.

Basic Characteristics of The Chang2 Reserviors Study area Chang 2 reservoir sandstones basis Fork (1968) sandstone classification division, According to some observations and thin section analysis of core results and previous research results, Triassic oil exploration Zhidan oilfield Zhifang area Chang 2 member reservior in the lithology is mainly light gray-fine-grained feldspathic sandstone, light gray-brown in-fine-grained detritus arkose(Figure 2), the sandstone clastic composition as including feldspar, quartz, debris and clastic mica and argillaceous rock detritus, gushing rock detritus, metamorphic detritus, etc., Chang 2 reservoir is mainly distributed in the porosity of 8.0% to 18%, and Chang2 reservoir permeability was 16.43 × 10-3μm2, Chang2 reservoir porosity and permeability with a good positive correlation between the performance of infiltration rate with the increase of porosity；According to analysis results and so on ore thin slice, casting sheet and scanning electron microscope
Model grid are orthogonal grid system, grid step of 100 × 100m, the plane was divided into 121 × 119 grids, the vertical steps of 1.6 m, was divided into 55 micro-layer, modeling The total cell number was 121 × 119 × 20 = 286630.