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Enhancement in surface quality reduces the number of crack initiation sites.
This mechanism improves SCC resistance, but when cold work level is too high, the surface layer becomes brittle and easy breaks under tensile stresses creating a great number of crack initiation sites.
Lateral surfaces of S160 specimens exhibit a great number of cracks situated perpendicularly to specimen axis upon a whole gauge length (Fig. 5b and 6c).
The phenomena of crack initiation commence in a compressive layer and mostly propagate transgranular, traverse of austenite and ferrite grains (Fig. 7a).
Rarely the cracks propagate by ferrite phase and around austenite grains (Fig. 7b).

Table 2 The orthogonal test of wastewater treatment by Sludge carbon Number dosage/g temperature/ size COD removal/% 1 10 25 big 0 2 20 25 little 42 3 30 25 middle 29 4 10 35 middle 21 5 20 35 big 23 6 30 35 little 36 7 10 45 little 54 8 20 45 middle 39 9 30 45 big 14 Ti1 25% 24% 13% Ti2 35% 27% 30% Ti3 26% 36% 44% R 10% 12% 32% From the orthogonal experiment can be seen, the influence degree rate on SCOD removal of municipal sewage, dosage size > temperature >dosages, the smaller the particle size and the higher the sewage temperature, the greater the SCOD removal rate, when added sludge-based char 20mg/l, the SCOD removal rate is maximum 35% .
The application of sewage sludge-based char for soil improving agent The sludge-based char contains a large number of nutrient element (N, P, K) and trace elements (Ca, S, Mg, Fe), which are needed to make plant grow.
Sowed the same number of peanuts or soybean and managed by the same way, Growth of the plants see Fig 6.
The peanut stem height in sludge-based char is about 23cm, and the blank peanut stem high 18cm (dried); the peanut fruit in soil in sludge-based char is quantity and plump, it is about 35 grains of peanut fruit in per peanut plant, single peanut seed is about 0.38g (no shell) ; the peanut fruit in blank soil is fewer and withered, the peanut in blank soil is less than 10 grains, a single peanut seed quality is about 0.14g ( no shell), and 8 of them is nearly seedless, which is eaten by worms.

The different sintering parameters resulted in a variation of grain size and porosity, which were measured for all batches.
While porosity and pore size determine the strength of the ceramic (measured with the ball-on-three-balls-test [9,10]), the grain size influences resistivity and the varistor effect.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 Fig. 1: Setup for thermographic investigation.
The axial temperature �yy σyy Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 distribution is very different, as can be seen in Fig. 11 a to c.
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 7 seconds after applying the voltage, the temperature difference is bigger than 90°C.

The pores connecting the grains are formed previously and occupied by the templates.
The microstructure of the film in the Fig. 2 (c) is looser and the grains are more ordered and smaller, which is propitious to the insertion and deinsertion of ions. 2.2 Elecrochemical and optical properties The transmittance of amorphous WO3 thin film is better than crystalline WO3 thin film [27].
The reversibility shows better with the increase of the cycle number.
(1) Where the current density ip is in cm2∙s-1 (ipc: cathode peak current density, ipa: anode peak current density), the diffusion coefficient D is in cm2∙s-1, the concentration of the active ion in solution C0 is in mol∙cm-3, the sweep rate ν is in V∙s-1, the number of electrons n is 1 and the peak density is in A∙cm-2.
Cycle Number PTA [×10-12cm2/s] PEG-PTA [×10-12cm2/s] P123-PTA [×10-12cm2/s] DLi+, i DLi+, d DLi+, i DLi+, d DLi+, i DLi+, d 1 2.010 6.766 3.245 8.457 7.342 17.12 10 1.978 5.271 2.891 6.775 6.268 14.73 20 1.830 4.201 2.546 5.571 5.623 12.29 30 1.747 3.905 2.430 5.280 5.280 11.28 40 1.656 3.725 2.390 5.212 4.947 10.41 50 1.656 3.697 2.278 5.046 4.777 10.41 Average 1.813 4.594 2.630 6.057 5.706 12.71 Listing the diffusion coefficients in Table 1, we can get that the films derived from PEG-PTA and P123-PTA sols show higher diffusion coefficients, and the P123 derived film is the highest.

Rice is one of the world's most important grain crops, however, its growth and grain yield are susceptible to damage by drought, high temperature and other abiotic stresses.
PCR primers design and gene amplification Two pairs of nested PCR primers for OsEm amplification were designed with Primer 5.0 software based on the sequence of OsEm gene available in the TIGR database (Accession number:TC522413), the first round of PCR amplification was done using primers: F1 (5'-ACACACAAACACAAGCCAC C-3') and R1 (5'-CCTAAACCAAACTACCAAAGC-3'); the second round of PCR amplification was carried out using primers: F2 (5'-TAGCTAACTAGTGTTTGGCAATG-3') and R2 (5'-AACAT AGCAAATCATACGGGC-3').
The PCR product of OsEm was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis Physical and chemical properties of OsEM The purified PCR product of OsEm was sequenced, the sequencing result was consistent to the sequence of OsEm gene collected in GenBank (Accession number: U22102) (Figure 2).
Numbers near the nodes indicate bootstrap support for each branch point based on 1000 NJ bootstrap replicates, the scale bar corresponds to 0.02 amino acid substitutions per site.

And, through the use of encapsulation mechanism and to provide large-grained structural elements of the system, architecture description language to describe the real application of the large-scale systems, not just small-scale experimental system.
Architecture is more focused on the coarse-grained components and their connections, which the designer can ignore the design details and more focused on system structure, component interaction, component distribution and system dynamics change.
In the data refinement process, the students attribute a student registration number (StudentID) and students logon password (StudentPassword), students log on from the password database, the system transferred out of the student's registration number (STUDENTID) and login password ( STUDENTPASSWORD) to pairs of students to input data (ID, PWD) compared to verify the student's legal status, in which student registration number (STUDENTID) and students logon password (STUDENTPASSWORD) in the password database is a full two-shot relationship.

In addition to the composition of the material, the occurring phases [11], the grain size distribution [12] as well as the dislocation density [13] play an important role.
Thickness of sheet material before and after rolling of the used X3CrMnNiMoN17-8-4 with the corresponding number of roll passes and the corresponding degree of compression.
Strip thickness before rolling [µm] Strip thickness after rolling [µm] Number of roll passes Degree of compression 80 80 - 0 400 292 1 0.32 450 305 2 0.39 570 350 3 0.49 Microstructure elucidation.
Due to the higher number of interstitial sites per lattice atom and the associated smaller distances between two of them, the bcc lattice provides the faster diffusion path.
Feaugas, The diffusion and trapping of hydrogen along the grain boundaries in polycrystalline nickel, Scr.

According to the roles of all kinds of elements included in steel, fine-crystal grain strengthening mechanics and the basic strength demand of bullet proof steel (the strength of 3.7mm thickness C-grade bullet proof steel must exceed 1900MPa), the content of carbon was designed based on the relation equation [4]: （1） According to above equation (1)，the calculated content of carbon was 0.38 to 0.43%.Taking account of hardenability, strength and ductility, oxidation resistance property, corrosion resistance, etc., multiplex alloying Cr, Ni, Mo and B were used.
Fine-crystal grain structure based on micro-alloying was obtained by complex adding Nb, V, Ti and B to matrix.
Table 1 Mechanical property Serial number Heat treatment technology Yield stress /MPa Ultimate stress/MPa Elongation （A50）/﹪ C-1# Quenching temperature≥820℃ Exit temperature : 200℃ 1509 2096 7.2 C-2# 1508 2108 7.3 C-3# 1502 2108 8.0 Domax 500 _ 1249 1607 8.5 Fig. 3 Heat treated plates Metallurgical structure The fine dimension martensite photograph (500×) of C-grade bullet proof steel plate is shown in Fig. 4.
(a) Facade (b) Back Fig. 7 Photos about shooting results of bullet proof steel (3.4mm) Table 2 Shooting results of bullet proof steel (3.7mm) C Serial number C1 C2 Thickness（mm） 3.7 3.7 Heat treatment technology 900℃+250℃ 880℃+200℃ Shooting results Undamaged (3) Undamaged (3) 3.7mm is the safety thickness value of C-grade plate.
Table 3 Certification test results of C-grade bullet proof steel Serial number Specification /mm Shooting distance /m Shooting speed /m/s Shooting results Shooting depth (facade) /mm Bulge height (back) /mm 1 305×305×3.8 10 715-730 No penetration (3) 4.8-5.3 4.9-5.0 2 15 719-725 No penetration (3) 4.5-4.8 5.0 3 30 725-726 No penetration (3) 4.3-4.8 4.5-4.9 (a) Facade (b) Back Fig. 9 Test results under 15m distance test condition Conclusions The Light weight heat treated C-grade bullet proof steel was developed through composition design and optimization based on multiplex alloying, multiplex micro-alloying design ideas and complex structure strengthening theory.

Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) & Related Techniques A significant number of efforts have focused on growing vertically through a mask then laterally to create defect-reduced regions in GaN grown on SiC.
Using this technique, faceted GaN lines were grown that also exhibited some ELO; however, no defect density numbers were given.
If this is the case, then reducing the number of nucleation sites appears to be one approach for making larger-grained material.
Typically, GaN films grown on nominally flat wafers have higher screw dislocation densities that arise from the coalescence of grains with c-axis mismatch [26].

For the metallic specimens with non-prefabricated sharp notch, under cyclic loading conditions, some initiated fatigue small-cracks can be observed at persistent slip bands (PSBs) [1], grain boundries [2], twin boundaries [3], inclusions [4], and holes [5].
As aforementioned above, according to the stress ratio, the fatigue crack initation tests for the circular notched compact tension (CT) specimens of GH4133B superalloy are divided into two groups, and the serial number of sample ranges from 1 to 12.
Simultaneously, it can be found that there is an intersection point for the two theoretical curves at cyclic number about 105.3, indicating that there exists a critical value (DKI/rr0.5)c, whose value is about 701MPa.
Furthermore, it can be found from Fig. 4(b) that for sample 8, the carbide inclusion in the fatigue source region is torn by the tensile load under cyclic fatigue loading, resulting in a concave on the circular notch surface, and a large number of persistent slip bands (PSBs) retaining on the notch surface over carbide inclusion can be observed, indicating that an interaction between PSBs and inclusion leads to the fatigue crack initiation.
Sehitoglu, The role of grain boundaries on fatigue crack initiation – An energy approach, International Journal of Plasticity 27 (2011), 801-821