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The BM5 frame (CBXF with vertical loads) showed a smooth softening branch after yielding, with a small reduction of the bearing capacity against the horizontal loads.
The failure of the braced frames subjected to monotonic loading was characterized first by the buckling of the brace in compression, causing a reduction of the frame stiffness.
In particular with regards to the geometry the reference paper lacks the data about the stiffeners of the beam to column panel joint, the brace length, the size and thickness of the connecting plates at the beam-column-brace and at the braces intersections.
The buckling resistance is very sensitive to the initial imperfection value, since, when the latter grows, a reduction of both tensile and compressive strengths of braces occurs.

Introduction Currently, the reduction factor is widely used in most of the seismic design codes, trying to compensate the effects of significant overstrength and ductility of the structure to withstand seismic load.
In other words, design codes allow simplified elastic analysis to be performed, calculating the design forces acting on the structure from spectra based on linear behaviour and properly scaled down by a suitable reduction factor that accounts for the global nonlinear effects.
The reduction factor is called behaviour factor (q-factor) in EC8 [1] and response modification factor (R-factor) in UBC [2].
Data of the frames are presented in Table 1 taken from Kamaris et al. [16].

When it comes to suspension system which accounts for about 15 to 20 percent of unsprung weight in an automobile, a polymeric composite leaf spring would be a potential item for weight reduction and improved fuel efficiency [5, 6].
Weight reduction of about 80% and higher natural frequency, lower bending stress were the findings of the research.
The spring was left in the mould for 3 days, to make certain that the curing is complete, though the data sheet provided specifies the curing duration as 24h at room temperature.
A weight reduction of about 60% was obtained in case of mono composite leaf springs.

Per capita generation multiplier method is considered to be the earliest approach, in which the amount of C&D waste is calculated by multiplying per capita waste generation obtained from local statistical data with the region's future population trends in a specific period of time.
The findings revealed 16 obstacles, among which “lack of a well-developed waste recycling market”, “insufficient regulation support”, and “waste reduction does not receive sufficient attention in construction design” top the three most important barriers.
Owing to the fact that most of the current C&D WM policies are not detailed enough, government should release operable policies to effectively guide waste sorting, reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal.
(4) Strengthen research and development (R&D) in C&D WM It is recognized that R&D can provide guidelines and technical support for waste reduction, reuse, recycling and disposal.

The effect of wear reduction in epoxy materials could be related to the increase of the level of molecular motion due to introduction of more flexible molecules of ERSO into the polymer matrix structure that causes dissipation of input mechanical energy at various types of strain.
When modifying the composition, the reduction of cross-link density and flexibility of interstitial fragments of cross-linking leads to easing relaxation processes as well as facilitating reduction in internal stresses and enhancement of performance characteristics.
Fig. 1 – XRD-spectrum of the filler specimen with the molar ratio СаСО3 и SiO2 1,2:1 Fig. 2 – XRD-spectrum of the filler specimen with the molar ratio СаСО3 и SiO2 1:1 Fig. 3 – XRD-spectrum of the filler specimen with the molar ratio СаСО3 и SiO2 1:1,2 Measurement data suggest that at the ratios СаСО3 and SiO2 = 1.2:1 , 1:1 and 1:1.2 the probability that the structure of synthetic wollastonite is similar to naturally occurring one amounts to 90.97%, 88.54% and 83.19%, correspondingly.

Preface The dish-shape metal corrugated pipe is widely used in petroleum, electricity, chemicals, metallurgy, marine, aviation and other engineering equipment, as the role of seal, vibration absorption, noise reduction, energy storage, thermal compensation, media isolation, and so on.
The test system of the apparatus includes: Random signal and system analyze is software SSA V7.0, Signal conditioning instrument AT04R, Data acquisition NI9215A, Acceleration sensor CA-YD-115, Hammer 5113 type force sensor, Test bench, A type of dish-shaped metal corrugated pipe, Standard block quality.
Test method: Percussing the dish-shaped metal corrugated pipe with hammer, using Acceleration sensor, Data acquisition, Signal and system analysis software, etc, we can easily access to time-domain and frequency domain signal, measured of dish-shaped metal bellows natural frequency.
Test system is shown in Fig. 5, the experimental datum are shown in Table 1.
Through the datum in Table 1 into the formula above, we can calculate the dish-shaped metal bellows' stiffness coefficient k=33.4, through the regression formula to, correlation coefficient r=0.99.

TEM results suggested the reduction of mechanical property of samples was attributed to coarsening and reduction in amount of dominant strengthening phase-Ω phase during thermal exposure.
After experienced designed exposure process, the specimens were stretched to fracture to get a series of data about residual strength and ductility (i.e. tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage).
Fig. 7 gives the direct statistics showing strengths and ductility data for specimens after 200˚C, 250˚C and 300˚C exposure, where the dwelling time is 100 h.

The ultimate goal of e-paper is to reduce the use of paper in everyday life, and to do so by using writable data on paper-like display devices.
In the current experiment, the reduction in the removal from the surface of the optical PET diaphragm after micro electroremoval for the TCO thin film coatings is 20 nm.
Compared with the experimental results, the large rotational diameter of 56mm and the small gap width of 2mm accompanied by a large current rating and a fast feed rate of the workpiece shows a reduction in the etching time and is found to be more effective in this study.

Based on the experimental data in Fig. 3, the influence of discharge parameters on the discharge process is shown as follows.
The reason for the reduction of the cutting force is that the active charged particles in the ionized air flow cause the Rehbinder Effect on the workpiece surface, which decreases the resistant force in the plastic deformation, and the friction caused by the Boundary film and passivation layer formed in the tool-workpiece interface.
But the increment of feed has little influence on the reduction of the cutting force

The principal purpose is to investigate that the effects of the c/s on the properties and morphology of PB-g-PS latex modified mortar and to obtain basic data necessary to develop appropriate polymer latexes for cement modifiers. 2.
This decrease is mainly interpreted improved consistency due to the ball bearing action of polymer particles and entrained air and the dispersion effects of surfactants in the latexes.This result is consistent with the findings of some researchers like Ohama[3] et al.Comparing three curves, at the same p/c, The w/c of the c/s of 30/70 latex-modified mortar are more lower at p/c up to 7.5%, The possible reasons of the stronger water reduction roles are that the lower c/s results in bigger polymer particles, which making the ball bearing role of the polymer particles is stronger than the dispersion and entraining of the emulsifier in the latex.
The possible reasons is that the water reduction roles of polymer.