Search results

• Cold-water thawing: the most economic deep thawing technique, but should be confined to coarse-grained soils.
Electrical thawing is most suited to fine-grained soils
Each frame has the same number and type of sensors, all of which are internally aligned to each other (sensor-to-sensor).
The numbering corresponds to Table 1 and Fig. 5.
The numbers of the sensors, their small vertical spacing and high sensitivity, allows for detection of minute changes in soil temperature and moisture levels.

Again, conventional material can suffer from hard and soft regions, sometimes with macrozones (effective structural units of grain clusters) up to millimetres in size.
In fact, due to the fine-grained material and random texture, forging is commonly much easier than when using conventional titanium alloy billet feedstock from the VAR process which has more heterogeneous textures due to the convoluted strain paths during open die forging.
A number of titanium alloys have now been processed through the FAST-roll route.
S.L. was also supported by Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) [grant number DSTLX-1000148418].
The EPSRC for funding equipment in the Henry Royce Institute at Sheffield, grant numbers EP/R00661X/1 and EP/P02470X/1, is also gratefully acknowledged.

The capabilities of these materials are related to the manifestation of shape memory effect, which has already been successfully used to create a number of next-generation devices and equipment in aerospace products, instrumentation, electronics, medicine and biotechnology, [3].
Equipment for Technology One of the effective ways to form layered nanostructure composition using shape memory materials on the engineering products is a high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying (HVOF), which has a number of advantages: a high deposition rate, coating of large items, increased adhesion properties.
The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation (patent number № 2475567, № 2502829, № 2402628) and awarded with the Gold Medal of the International Salon of Inventions and Innovation Technologies "Archimedes-2014", with the Bronze Medal of the International Exhibition of Inventions "Concours Lepine - 2014", Paris, France.
Fig. 3 shows the effect of HVOF parameters on the adhesion strength with the substrate of the formed TiNiCu surface layers (Fig. 3a, b.) and on the characteristics of the surface layer quality: the grain size and porosity (Fig. 3, c, d).
a) b) c) d) e) f) Fig. 3 Effect of high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying parameters on the properties of the surface layers made of shape memory alloys - a, b); structure of Ti51Ni44Cu5 surface layer - c); quantitative analysis of the grain size in Ti51Ni44Cu5 layer structure - d); X-ray – e); the content of pores in the coating – f).

The stabilization and enhancement of the engineering properties of fine and coarse grained soil has heavily relied on reinforcement and admixture materials.
This feature of the design allows it to be utilized for many factors in a single process and can reduce the number of runs [25].
The equation N = 2k (k − 1) + C is utilized to calculate the required number of experimental runs (N), where the center point is C while k represents the number of factors.
The characteristic of the Box–Behnken design that sets it apart from other surface designs is such that it has higher efficiency where the design efficiency of one experiment is taken as the number of coefficients in the estimated model divided by the number of experiments [32].
Yetimoglu, Strength behavior of fine grained soil reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 30(1) (2012) 197-203

These concretes are actually mortar micro-mortars whose maximum diameter of the largest grain does not exceed 630 microns.
Furthermore, the diameter of the large grain of dune sand is well below to 0.6 mm (figure 2).
It is due to the adsorption of the polymers on the cement grains and also to the possible reactions of the Ca2+ cations with polymer anions.
This phenomenon was explained by the adsorption of super plasticizer on the grains that cause a delay in the hydration process.
[25] Hamidreza Ramezani, Pierre Mounanga, Jena Jeong, Marwen Bouasker "Role of cement paste composition on the self induced stress in early-age mortars: Application of the Cosserat size number".

In addition, plastic deformation can also reduce particle agglomeration, improve the distribution of particles and refine the matrix-alloy grain.
The results show that the dispersion uniformity and the particle size of SiC particles did not change obviously, but the matrix grain is refined because of the recrystallization during hot deformation process.
The results of Hanada et al. [28] show that the hot extrusion process can effectively refine the microstructures of the composites while the increase in temperature caused by excessive extrusion ratio will lead to grain growth, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.
Therefore, SiCp and the matrix grain in the same original position flow along with radial direction, resulting in the SiCp segregation.
The grain is elongated along the extrusion direction, while SiC particles and broken second phases exhibit streamline distribution characteristics after hot extrusion deformation; The matrix alloy structure is further refined, the SiC particles are broken obviously and the distribution tends to be uniform after hot rolling deformation[21].

Also obtaining new data may be beneficial to understand the behavior of geosynthetics particularly in engineering projects where the use of fine grained soil is of prime concern.
Grain-size distribution curve of the used materials is shown in Figure 2.
The Number of Geogrid Layers (N).
However, the increase rate decreases with an increase in the number of reinforcement layers.
However, the increase rate decreases with an increase in the number of reinforcement layers. 7.

One can see that the bare Si film shows a smaller grain size compared to that of the carbon layer on the C60 coated Si sample.
It is thought that the smaller grains can cause the silicon film to be denser and smoother, which may limit the lithium ion diffusion in the bare Si film.
For the semi-infinite diffusion conditions, the peak current is proportional to the square root of the scan rate which is stated by the Randles-Sevcik equation [12, 13]: (1) whereis the peak current (A), is the number of electrons per species reaction (1 for Li+), is the electrode surface area (4 cm2), is the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the electrode, is the potential scan rate and is the bulk concentration of Li-ions in the electrolyte (1 mol.L-1).

A number of factors are known to determine the tool life and performance of PCBN materials.
It is suggested that the binder of the tool is abraded by hard particles of the workpiece material, which leads to CBN grains being detached from the bond.
It was also found that there was small amount of Cr and W on rake face, indicating the precipitation and diffusion of Cr in bearing steel in high temperature, and the appearance of W indicating that W diffusion to the rake face along the CBN grain boundary in the continuous high temperature and pressure generated during the cutting process.

A large of micropores with a diameter of 80 nm to 120 nm were between SiC grains (Fig.3 (c)), its shape were on round or irregular.
Microporous were formed of SiC grain boundaries, and a large number of microporous were formed when Si reacted with carbon to synthesis SiC(Fig.4 (e)).