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Finally, the hydrodynamic performances of the amphibious robot are analyzed by using ANSYS CFD hydrodynamic calculation software, and the analysis will present a foundation for the design of amphibious robot.
The robot body model is built by the reverse engineer method in UG software, and the speed vector and air pressure distribute are deduced by the numerical simulation of aero-dynamic characters by the CFD module of ANSYS WORKBENCH.
Fig.5, Simplified model of amphibious robot The Numerical Simulation and Establish Physical Model.
According to the simulation results, the fluid smoothly through the robot body surface (the tail of the car except), and did not produce the flow separation phenomenon obviously.
Holmberg,etc: Accuracy of Drag Predictions on Cars Using CFD-Effect of Grid Refinement and Turbulence Models.

Hydrodynamics of Oil-Water with Leakage by CFD L.R.B.
All simulations were carried out using the Ansys CFX® commercial code.
The mesh was made with the support of ICEM-CFD 12.0, which after various refinements resulted in an unstructured mesh of 520780 tetrahedral elements.
The fluid properties and initial boundary conditions used in the simulation are shown in Table 1.
In order to optimize the simulation time, the time steps were modified along the simulation.

CFD simulation was enabled to reduce the number of trials during experimentation.
The CFD model includes six surfaces: top, bottom, back, side, and front.
Meshing geometry Meshing notably affects the accuracy of CFD simulation results [23].
A CFD model was employed to perform a steady-state simulation under the same conditions as the experiment.
Insulating heat transfer at 298 K, 303 K, 308 K, and 313K 3.3 Optimum of insulation thickness Fig. 13 illustrates a CFD simulation of the insulation thickness for the effective cooling process inside the cabinet.

The Investigation of Turbulence Models Based on Numerical Simulation Rui LI1, a * and Chang-hong TANG 2,b 1, Northwestern polytechnical university, Xi’an 710072, China 2, Northwestern polytechnical university, Xi’an 710072, China 1, savastopol@163.com *Corresponding author Keywords: The Reynolds stress, Turbulence, Numerical simulation, The boundary layer.
Introduction With CFD applications in practical engineering design gradually,deepening, the flow field on geometry body becomes more complex.
The main methods on numerical simulation of turbulent flow are the Direct Numerical Simulation, large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds Reynolds-averaging equations simulation .The Reynolds equation method is a basic method for the engineering computation of turbulent flow.
One of the future direction of development of turbulence simulation, which is aimed to perfect compressibility correction.
Turbulence modeling for CFD ,California DCW industies inc ,1993

Summary of data from the First AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop.
Hemsch, Statistical Analysis of CFD Solutions from the Drag Prediction Workshop.
Summary of data from the second AIAA CFD drag prediction workshop.
Study of CFD variation on transport configurations from the second drag prediction workshop[R].
Numerical simulation of the flowfields around the DLR-F4 wing-body configurations.

In recent years, the virtual prototyping technology(VPT) has became main research approach in aerodynamics and dynamics researches of automobile with the popularization of mechanical system simulation software and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software.
Linear step crosswind is chose to perform the simulation.
The simulation is performed respectively.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of Drag Reduction by Riblets on Automobile.
Use the CFD for the Aerodynamic Optimization of the Car Shape: Problems and Application. 4th European Automotive Simulation Conference.

Few papers have been published on this subject, but Yang[11], Wang[12] have detected velocity slip in PAT runner by numerical simulation, which is derived from axial vortex.
The characteristic curves of head, discharge and efficiency in pump and turbine modes achieved by CFD methods were shown in Fig.5.
Stepanoff and Pfleiderer did not show acceptable results in comparing with the CFD data for both of the head and the discharge, but the results of presented method were in good agreement with CFD data.
Results show that the predicted h,q and λ at BEP by this method were in good coincidence with CFD data.
(in Chinese) [12] Yang Sunsheng, Kong Fanyu, Su Xianghui, Numerical Simulation and Performance Experimental on Pump and Pump as Turbine, J.

The simulation results show that increasing the shaft speed in a certain range can reduce water film temperature, the effect is obvious especially at slow entrance velocity of bearings.
The British D.L.Cabrera et al. analyzed water lubricated rubber bearings’ inner pressure distribution through experiments and CFD software FIDAP, got that water lubricated rubber bearings work in mixed lubrication [3].
Based on basic hypothesis and boundary condition, the influence of different speeds on the temperature and pressure of water film is analyzed by applying CFD software FLUENT.
Conclusion In this paper, ship water lubricated stern bearing is taken as the research object, using FLUENT's preprocessor software GAMBIT to establish the CFD water lubricated rubber stern tube bearings model.
Method for thermal impedance calculation of water-cooled radiator based on CFD[J].

Computational simulation of an altitude adaptive nozzle concept K.
Therefore, to further the understanding of flow behaviour within the ED nozzle, a thorough analysis utilising CFD is required.
Numerical model The geometry utilised in all simulations was consistent with that used in a prior experiment [12].
The pressure-based coupled solver and second order spatial discretisation schemes were utilised for all simulations.
The analysis confirmed the integral role of turbulence within the ED nozzle flowfield and justified the continued use of CFD over conventional inviscid analytic numerical methods.

3D CFD Based Optimization Technique for Muffler Design of a Motorcycle Mohammad Ahsan Habib1,a*, Md.
To measure the back pressure 3D CFD based CAE software has been used.
Middlberg et al. present different configurations of simple expansion chamber mufflers, including extended inlet or outlet pipes and baffles have been modeled numerically using CFD in order to determine their acoustic response [8].
In summary, most of the research studies are based on the formulation of mathematical equation and its virtual simulation and trial and error method.
By using the above mentioned simulation conditions and different muffler design ANSYS simulation (Fig. 3) is conducted and the back pressure values are tabled in Table 3.