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Introduction Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are a comparatively a new class of materials with continuously changing material properties from metal to ceramic surface, in the thickness direction.
Praveen, Simulation of Traditional Composites under Thermal Loads, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, Vol. 2, 2013,pp. 273-278
Panda, Effect of temperature on stability behaviour of functionally graded spherical panel, Materials Science and Engineering 75, 2015
Megueni , Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates with Simply Supported Edges, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, December, Vol. 15, 2009, pp. 21-32
Touloukian, Properties of high temperature solid materials, McMillan, New York , 1967

In a word, M & S combines knowledge and techniques in the fields of traditional engineering - electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, aerospace, nuclear, biomedical and materials science - with the knowledge and techniques of fields such as computer science, mathematics and physics, and social sciences.
Ravindra, Temperature dependence of solar cell performance—an analysis, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (2012) [4] O.
Dupréab, R.Vaillona, M.A.Green, Physics of the temperature coefficients of solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells (2015) 92-100 [5] O.
Kuznik, Improving the performance of solar panels by the use of phase-change materials, World, Renewable Energy Congress, Sweden (2011) [10] H.
Elias, Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Module Considering an Ideal Solar Cell, International Journal of Advanced Research in Physical Science 1 (2014) [11] T.K.P.

The friction and wear behavior of cutting tool materials keeps an issue.
Fig. 3 shows the profile of wear scar of both tool materials at 600°C.
Rech and et al: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Abdulllah: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Ben Salem, et al: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.

Introduction Acoustic emission (AE) is a phenomenon of sound and ultrasound wave generation by materials that undergo deformation and fracture processes [1].
Fortunately AE signals could be used to detect material deformation and crack propagation, thus it can determine materials internal defects.
This materials show the typical four stages of tensile mechanical properties. ① Elastic stage: The deformation can be completely disappeared after relieve external forces. ② Yield stage: Strain has increased evidently, stress does not change or slightly decreased, this stage has an evident plastic deformation. ③ Intensive stage: Materials restore the ability to resist deformation.
It must increase the tension to make it continuing deformation, and stress of the materials in the intensive stage is large obviously more than the yield stage.
References [1] Boris Muravin: Acoustic Emission Science and Technology (Hebrew: Journal of Building and Infrastructure Engineering of the Israeli Association of Engineers and Architects, 2009) [2] Acoustic Emission Testing, "Nondestructive Testing Handbook".

Materials selection justifies a large proportion of engineering and construction project budget.
Wang, Risk Evaluation of Charging Facilities of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Analytic Network Process, Advanced Materials Research, 1070-1072 (2014) 1600-1608
Chang, The Application of Fuzzy ANP in the Development of New Product Decision-Making - A Case Study of the Solar Module Industry, Advanced Materials Research, 472-475 (2012) 1333-1338
Zheng, Imprecise DEA Model Based on TOPSIS, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 63-64 (2011) 723-727
Shu, Supplier evaluation and selection criteria in the construction industry of Taiwan and Vietnam, International Journal on Information and Management Sciences. 18 (2007) 403-426.

Journal of Materials, Processes and Environment, 2(1), 51-57
Journal of Composite Materials, 55(20), 2777-2792
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2024(1), 8834268
Bulletin of materials science, 32, 65-76
Journal of materials science, 39(1), 331-334

Study on an air filter material immobilized with bio-antimicrobials Jingquan Yanga, Zheng Wangb, Jinhui Wu, Limei Hao, Tao Tian, Song Lin Institute of medical equipment, Academy of military medical science, Tianjin, China.
Materials and methods Materials and apparatus Materials: Control sample: fiberglass high efficiency air filter media(HEPA), supplied by China Chongqing Yangtze Special Paper Factory; Test sample: antibacterial air filter media, self-made; Adhesive: Acrylate; Bio-antimicrobial: ε-Polylysine and Natamycin; all commercially obtained; Strains: we choose Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (8099) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 6275) represent Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Fungi respectively; all supplied by Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, China.
Dai, et al : Chinese journal of disinfection, Vol. 22(2005),p.156.
Wu: Chinese journal of disinfection, Vol.25(2008),p.351-354.
Standard test method for evaluating the bacterial filtration efficiency(BFE) of medical face mask materials, using a biological aerosol of Staphylococcus aureus

Svyatchenkoc* Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G Shukhov, Belgorod, Russia asapronova.za@bstu.ru, bsverguzova.sv@bstu.ru, csv.anastasiaa@mail.ru Keywords: wood-cement composites, sludge, building materials, secondary raw materials.
Talib, Turning natural fiber reinforced cement composite as innovative alternative sustainable, Construction material: a review paper noor, International journal of advanced engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS). 1 (8) (2015) 24-31
Ahmad, Effects of wood: cement ratio on mechanical and physical properties of three-layered cement-bonded particleboards from leucaena leucocephala, Journal of tropical forest science 23 (1) (2011) 67–72
Rocco Lahr Physical, Mechanical properties of wood-cement composite with Llignocellulosic grading waste variation, International journal of composite materials, 4 (2) (2014) 69-72
Lu, Wood-cement compatibility review Nanjing forestry university, College of materials science and engineering nanjing, China wood research 59(5) (2014) 813-826

Laser Beam Milling of Alumina Ceramics - The Impact on Material Removal Efficiency and Machined Surface Morphology Peter ŠUGÁR1,a*, Martin FRNČÍK1,b, Jana ŠUGÁROVÁ1,c, Miroslav SAHUL1,d 1Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J.
Samant, Laser machining of advanced materials, CRC Press, Leiden, 2011
Chmelickova, Laser Micromachining of Glass, Silicon, and Ceramics, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 6 pp
Journal of Material Processing Technology. 209 (2009), pp. 2008 – 2014
Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, (2014), pp. 1 – 14

The stochastic characteristics of the homogenized elastic property will take an influence of the microscopic uncertainty in a material property or geometry of component materials, therefore the stochastic homogenization analysis will be important for reliability evaluation of a composite structure.
Since a microscopic stress distribution in a composite material will be complex and also take an influence of a random variation in material properties or geometry of component materials, a stochastic microscopic stress analysis will be also important.
In the Monte-Carlo simulation process, the observed characteristic displacement and the observed macroscopic strain tensor are computed for each observed value of elastic properties of component materials.
Elastic properties of the component materials are listed in table 1.
Zako: Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Vol.2 (2008), pp.70-81