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Online since: February 2015
Authors: Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah, Ahmad Norman Khalis Ahmad Fara, Mohd Azha bin Yahya
The XRD result revealed the presence of derived HAp and coherent with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Powder Standard data and the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis was carried out to show the thermal stability of the HAp powder.
Then, the calcined samples were milled by using Planetary Pulverisette 14 machine (Fritsch) for particles size reduction in 1 min.
Intensity data were collected by step counting method where step was set at 0.02° and time 0.5 s in the range 2θ = 15° – 80°.
Fig. 2 X-ray diffraction pattern of fish bone powder before and after heat treatment (calcination) at temperature of 800° C and 1000° C with compared to XRD data of standard HAp Ca/P Ratio It was found those higher molar Ca/P ratios were obtained in our materials (Table 1) compared to the stoichiometric HA.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Hiroaki Tanaka, Koji Inaka, Sachiko Takahashi, Masaru Sato, Satoshi Sano, Masateru Shirakawa, Yoshinori Yoshimura
This can lead to an X-ray diffraction data collection of higher resolution with lower mosaicity, because of the better internal order and fewer defects in the crystals when compared to ground-grown crystals.
A summary of the results is listed in Table 1, and the data of the effective samples when the  D/β value is smaller than 1.0 mm are shown in Table 2.
The data of the effective samples when the D/β value is smaller than 1.0 mm.
When ‘A’ in equation (5) was as small as ‘10’, it was suggested that the reduction of DFR might be more obvious if IR could be reduced more.
Online since: August 2025
Authors: I. U. Ferdous, Juliawati Alias, Norhaida Ab. Razak, Nasrul Azuan Alang
Numerous researchers have developed correlations and models to extract creep properties from SPC data.
The results obtained from the SPC test are validated using the UCT data in the literature [11].
Interestingly, the non-negative value of v in the SPCT data aligns with UCT findings at 600 °C.
A scatter band representing a factor of ± 2 has been plotted alongside the data.
Notably, all the SPCT data fall within this ±2 factor of the UCT values.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Xian Bin Zhou, Li Hui Lang
Meeting the need of the miniaturized volume, weight reduction and saving the tooling and the cost, the sheet forging compound technology was proposed, which can form a few parts into one part in one pass.
These technologies meet the need of weight reduction and precise stamping.
By statistic data, 75% of the steel production was formed into the final product through plasticity processing.
With consideration of the whole life of one product, the plasticity processing should minimize the influence on the environment and the resource reduction.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Andrzej Golenko
A modification proposed by Hori and Kurita (solid lines) consists in the reduction of these disproportions in meshing.
The second factor that may contribute to a further reduction in these disproportions is the distance between the two operating pitch points.
As u15 >> i12 then a reduction in Δ is possible if the size of the planet gear R2 is reduced.
If this value is less than a predetermined minimum value (1.1), the analysed combination of data is not acceptable and calculations are repeated for a new value of xb and xd.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Da Kang Liu
The Research Status and Indicators Setting of Circular Economy at Three Gorges Reservoir Region Circular economy means the mode of economic development which can utilize resources in the most effective way, protect environment, and organize economic activities based on the principle of “reduction, reusing, and recycling” [1].
All data are from Chongqing Statistical Yearbook (2008).
Table 1 Cycling Capability Indices of Industrial System standards projects unit Standard value Chongqing 2008 Three Gorges 2008 quantity GDP per capita Dollars per person 3315 9761 1270 Industrial structure height index -  2.5 2.3 1.9 quality reduction consumption of material per ten thousand yuan output kilogram-equivalent weight per ten thousand dollars 8254 6241 2080 consumption of water per ten thousand yuan output m3 per ten thousand dollars 4301 2580 861 waste emission per ten thousand yuan output ton- equivalent weight per ten thousand dollars 65.25 39.15 13.05 recycling Full use ration of industrial water % 72.5 43.5 14.5 the rate of multipurpose utilization of industrial waste % 54.8 32.88 10.96 Hazard-free discharge standard rate of industrial waste water % 89.2 53.52 17.84 Comprehensive disposal rate of dangerous waste % 99.98 59.98 19.99 The article also conducts a comparative analysis on the development of circular economy of Three Gorges Reservoir Region.
Meanwhile, require producers to promote clean production, and implement the principles of “reduction, recycling and hazard-free”.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Mao Sheng Yang, Yun Ren, Lin Tao Li
Through experimentsof this paper and analysesto provide basic data and guidance for 0.3C-Cr-W steels electron beam welding process and post-weld heat treatment process.
Table 2-1Tensileproperty of the base metal and weld after heat treatment Tensile strength (RM/MPa) Yield strength (Rp0.2/MPa) Percentage elongationafter fracture(A%) Reduction of area (Z%) Base metal after heat treatment 1320 1190 13.0 60.5 Weld after teat treatment 1010 910 21.5 69 From the Table 2-1 we can see the base metal after heat treatment is 1320MPa, weld’ tensile strength of after heat treatment is 1010MPa, the latter is lower 23.4%than the former.
As can be seen from the percentage elongation after fracture and reduction of area of the weld after heat treatmentincreased 65% and 14%respectively, which showed the plasticity of weld after heat treatment is better.
All these mentioned above are the reason for the reduction of strength and hardness at the weld after heat treatment.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Farid F. Orudzhev, F.G. Gasanova, A.B. Isaev, N.S. Shabanov
BET surface area of photocatalyst was determined by N2 adsorption/desorption, with data summarized in Table 1.
More intensive reduction in the concentration of phenol with increasing oxygen pressure, going, apparently, due the flow of process photocatalytic reduction oxygen.
This increases the speed of the photocatalytic oxygen reduction followed by oxidation of phenol.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Guney Guven Yapici, Zeynel Guler
One specific work that has been conducted on the formability enhancement of AZ31 alloy, recorded a hardness increase around 47% and a grain size reduction that is about one third after the deformation [14].
Measurement data were collected for each pass in the x direction (see Fig.2.) per every 10 mm on the middle line to examine the directional homogeneity.
Therefore, it is inferable that flow softening has less influence on strength reduction than that of micro-cracking [21].
In contrast, the highest ductility reductions were observed after the first CGP passes.
Online since: June 2017
Authors: Li Bin Niu, Katsuyuki Kobayashi
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo V Cu 3.5NiCrMoV 0.24 0.06 0.3 0.009 0.011 1.8 3.88 0.45 0.12 0.06 13Cr 0.21 0.32 0.62 - - 13.36 0.46 - - - -: non data Table 2.
Generally, the anodic and cathodic reactions on both of inside and outside surfaces of crevice of 3.5NiCrMoV steel plates should be mainly the ionization of Fe and the reduction of O2, as shown in Eqs. 1 and 2, respectively.
It is therefore suggested that the dominant cathodic reactions particularly inside the crevices were the reductions of H+ shown in Eq. 4, so that the decrease of pH inside the crevices was controlled.
Therefore, the dominant cathodic reactions particularly inside the crevices were the reductions of H+, as shown in Eq. 4, which were the same as for the specimens of 3.5NiCrMoV steel.
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